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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 14. Endocrine System I > Flashcards

14. Endocrine System I Flashcards

1
Q

Aka Hypophysis or Master’s gland

A

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

Pituitary gland is found in:

A

Hypophyseal fossa of Sella turcica of SPHENOID BONE

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3
Q

Pituitary gland is controlled by:

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Other name for Anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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5
Q

Other name for posterior pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis

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6
Q

Connects pituitary gland to Hypothalamus

A

Infundibular stalk

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7
Q

Which is larger Anterior or Post pituitary gland?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Adenohypophysis communicates with the hypothalamus via:

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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9
Q

Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones:

A

GP(A) : (B)FLAT

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10
Q

2 portal veins in the body

A

Liver : hepatic portal vein

Hypophysis

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11
Q

A vein towards a CAPILLARY (exception)

A

Portal vein

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12
Q

All veins are ____ heart

A

Towards the heart

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13
Q

All arteries are _____ heart

A

Away from the heart

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14
Q

Hormones secreted by Acidophiles or Alpha cells

A

“GP(A)”
Growth hormone
Prolactin

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15
Q

Other term for Growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

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16
Q

4 Effects of growth hormone

A

Chondrogenesis
Protein anabolism
Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis

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17
Q

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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18
Q

Process of formation of proteins

A

Protein ANABOLISM

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19
Q

Breakdown of proteins

A

Protein CATABOLISM (cut)

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20
Q

Glycogenolysis happens during what state? What hormone?

A

Hypoglycemic state: GLUCAGON

- gly to glu = ^ blood sugar

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21
Q

4 Hormones produced during HYPOGLYCEMIC STATE

A 
“GG EC”
Glucagon
Growth hormone
Epinephrine
Cortisol
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22
Q

Hormone involved during HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

Insulin only

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23
Q

Stimulates milk PRODUCTION in mammary gland

A

Prolactin

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24
Q

Hormones secreted by Basophiles or beta cells

A 
“(B) FLAT”
FSH
LH
Adenocorticotropic hormone
TSH
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25
Q

Signals release of cortisol from adrenal gland

A

ACTH

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26
Q

Stimulates:

  • Estrogen production (females)
  • Androgen binding protein (males)
  • Gametogenesis (both)
A

FSH

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27
Q

Stimulates:

  • OVULATION
  • formation of Corpus Luteum (f)
  • testosterone production (males)
A

LH

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28
Q

Stimulates Zona fasciculata(adrenal cortex) to produce Cortisol

A

ACTH

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29
Q

Stress steroid hormone

A

Cortisol

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30
Q

Stimulates THYROID to produce T3 and T4

A

TSH

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31
Q

More potent thyroid hormone

A

T3

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32
Q

More numerous thyroid hormone

A

T4

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33
Q

Releasing hormones are controlled by the __ to stimulate Cells of Adenohypophysis to secrete hormones (GP a b FLAT)

A

Hypothalamus — releasing hormones

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34
Q

Release of GH

A

Somatocrinin / Growth hormone releasing hormone

Somatocrinin (go nin) (hypo) ~ Somatotropin (acidophiles of APG)

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35
Q

Inhibits release of GH

A

Somatostatin (STOP!!!!!)

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36
Q

Release of prolactin

A

PRH

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37
Q

Inhibits prolactin release

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone / Dopamine

38
Q

Release of FSH / LH

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

39
Q

Release of ACTH

A

Corticotropin releasinf hormone

40
Q

Release of TSH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

41
Q

Excessive hormones in the bloodstream will have a ____ on the hypothalamus to prevent disease

— Hypothalamus detects concentration of hormones in the blood to know if it’ll will increase or decrease it ~

A

Negative feedback

42
Q

Excessive cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome

43
Q

Moon face + Buffalo hump

- Excessive cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome

44
Q

Deficient cortisol

A

Addison’s disease

45
Q

What is seen in Addison’s disease = deficient cortisol levels

A

Hyperpigmentations

46
Q

Excessive thyroid hormones

A

Hyperthyroidism

47
Q

Deficient thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

48
Q

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus neurosecretory cells during PUBERTY

A

GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone

49
Q

Male GnRH stimulates Adenohypophysis to secrete:

A

FSH and LH

- sa male sabay yung dalawa

50
Q

Male:
Target cells of FSH -
What is produced -

A

FSH = Sertoli cells = ABP

51
Q

Male:
Target cells of LH -
What is produced -

A

LH - Leydig cells - Testosterone

52
Q

When testosterone binds to ABP = formation of sperm called?

A

Spermatogenesis

53
Q

Responsible for SECONDARY MALE characteristics

A

Tes2sterone

54
Q

Increased levels of testosterone has a negative feedback on what hormones (3)

A

GnRH
LH
FSH

55
Q

In females: Menstrual cycle..

Hypo: GnRH stimulates Adenohypophysis to secrete what?

A

FSH

Isa lang muna; di sabay

56
Q

How many days is menstrual cycle

A

28 days

57
Q

Target site of FSH in females

A

Granulosa cells of Primordial follicle

58
Q

2 parts of primordial follicle

A

Oocyte

Granulosa cells

59
Q

Granulosa cells with FSH =

A

Production of Estrogen

60
Q

Production of Estrogen results to

A

Primary follicle development
Secondary female charac
Slight thickening of endometrial lining
Decline in FSH (nega feedback)

61
Q

2 hormones responsible for primordial follicle maturation

A

FSH

Estrogen

62
Q

Mature primordial follicle

A

Graafian follicle

63
Q

High ESTROGEN stimulates _

A

LH secretion

⬆️E = ⬇️FSH = ⬆️LH

64
Q

LH peak results to __

A

Ovulation

65
Q

What day is ovulation

A

Day 14

66
Q

Release of egg cell towards falloping tube

A

Ovulation (because of LH peak)

67
Q

Ovulation allows maturation of graafian follicle into

A

Corpus luteum

68
Q

What is produced by corpus luteum?

A

PIE
Progesterone
Inhibin
Estrogen

69
Q

Inhibits FSH 📌
Thickens endo lining
Stimulates PRH secretion

A

Progesterone and Estrogen

70
Q

Main hormone of corous luteum for INHIBITING FSH

A

Inhibin

71
Q

Site where zygote is implanted

A

Endometrial lining

72
Q

Progesterone and Estrogen stimulates PRH secretion to Ant Pituitary gland to secrete ___

A

Prolactin: breasts enlargement = milk production

Inc estrogen and progesterone of corpus luteum = prolactin

73
Q

If fertilization occurs: corpus luteum is

A

Corpus luteum is maintained

74
Q

After how many days will the embryo be implanted in the endometrial lining

A

After 7 to 9 days

boards: 7!!!

75
Q

If fertilization doesnt take place: corpus luteum = forms into

A

Corpus luteum DISINTEGRATES

= CORPUS ALBICANS

76
Q

Corpus albicans has no function (doesnt produce PIE) = ⬇️PIE = what happens

A

Menstrual bleeding

77
Q

Lifespan of Egg cell

A

24hrs after ovulation

78
Q

Lifespan of sperm

A

3 to 4 days

79
Q

Negative feedback of ⬇️ PIE

A

⬆️GnRH. ⬆️ FSH

80
Q

Hormonal pills are usually taken for how many days?

A

21 days

+7 placebo effect or Iron nalang

81
Q

Main hormone for pregnancy and menstruation?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

82
Q

Doesnt synthesize hormones but STORES and SECRETES hormones produced by Hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary gland / Neurophysis

83
Q

2 hypothalamic nucleus

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

84
Q

Hormone produced by Paraventricular nucleus

A

Oxytocin

85
Q

Hormone for uterine contraction and milk EXCRETION

A

Oxytocin

86
Q

Hormone produced by Supraoptic nucleus

A

Antidiuretic hormone or Vasopressin

87
Q

Oxytocin and Vasopressin/ADH are stored in the: _ then secreted into the ___

A

Posterior pituitary gland

then secreted to the blood

88
Q

Hormone that increases reabsorption of water in the DCT

Reduce excretion of water in the body

Constricts arterioles increasing BP

A

ADH or Vasopressin

89
Q

Stimulus for oxytocin release

A

Stretching of uterus or cervix(neck)= Oxytocin = Contract

And Areola stimulation (nursing infant) = oxytocin = milk excretion

90
Q

Nexk of uterus

A

Cervix

91
Q

9mos baby = cervix is stretched = ⬆️ OXYTOCIN = Uterine Contraction. What is this reflex that happens during labor?

A

Ferguson reflex

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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