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Infection > Outbreak! > Flashcards

Outbreak! Flashcards

1
Q

What is a healthcare associated infection?

A

An infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospital, care homes or receiving care at home.

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2
Q

What are the most common types of infections in hospital?

A

Urine infections
Infections after operation
Skin infections
Sickness & diarrhoea

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3
Q

What is the timeframe for a HAI?

A

Acquired after being in healthcare >48 hrs

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4
Q

What is the definition of an outbreak?

A

2 or more cases of infection linked in time & space

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5
Q

Describe the chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent 
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry 
Susceptible Host
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6
Q

What are the different types of infectious agents?

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Prion

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7
Q

What are the different reservoirs of infection?

A 
Humans
Equipment
Environment 
Food
Animals
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8
Q

What is the portal of exit?

A

Blood & body fluids
Skin scales/ wound
Coughing & sneezing

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9
Q

What is the mode of transmission?

A

Direct or indirect
Inhalation
Ingestion of contaminated food

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10
Q

What are the portals of entry?

A 
Skin/surgical wounds
Eyes or mouth
Respiratory tract
Intestinal tract
Tubes
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11
Q

What are the susceptible hosts for infection?

A

Underdeveloped immune system
Decreasing immune system
Drugs or diseases
Tubes

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12
Q

How can you break the chain of infection via transmission?

A

Isolation
Hand hygiene
PPE
Cleaning, disinfection

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13
Q

What are the 5 points of hand hygiene?

A 
Before touching patient 
Before aseptic procedure
After body fluid exposure
After touching patient 
After touching patient surroundings
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14
Q

How can you break the chain of infection in susceptible host?

A

Immunization
Treatment of underlying disease
Patient education

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15
Q

What are some transmission based precautions (TBPs)?

A

Contact
Gloves
Apron

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16
Q

What are some transmission based precautions (TBPs) for droplet exposure?

A

Gloves
Aprons
Masks
Eye protection

17
Q

What is a droplet?

A

> 5um
Drop to ground
Spread assumed to be 1m

18
Q

What is an aerosol?

A

<5um
Much more widespread
Remain suspended in the air

19
Q

Which type of infections, airborne or droplet, are more transmissible?

A

Airborne

20
Q

What is the definition of cleaning?

A

Physical removal of organic material & decrease in microbial load

21
Q

What is the definition of disinfection?

A

Large reduction in microbe numbers

22
Q

What is the definition of sterilisation?

A

Removal/ Destruction of ALL microbes/ spores

23
Q

What are some of the methods of disinfection?

A

Heat (boiling or pasteurisation)

Chemical (alcohol)

24
Q

What are some of the methods of sterilisation?

A

Steam under pressure (autoclave)
Hot air oven
Gas (ethylene dioxide)
Ionising radiation

Infection (7 decks)

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