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Pediatrics > Infant/Toddler G&D > Flashcards

Infant/Toddler G&D Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

the increase in physical size

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2
Q

Development

A

sequential process by which infants and children gain various skills and functions

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3
Q

What is the average weight of a newborn?

A

3.4 kg or 7.5 lbs

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4
Q

What percentage of body fat will newborns lose over the first few weeks of life

A

10%

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5
Q

Newborns will be back to birth weight by how old?

A

2 weeks

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6
Q

When will newborns double their birthweight?

A

4 months

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7
Q

When will newborns triple their birth weight?

A

1 year

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8
Q

When do newborns grow the quickest?

A

the first 6 months

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9
Q

By 1 year the infants length has increased by how much?

A

50%

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10
Q

What is the average head circumference of a newborn?

A

35 cm or 14 inches

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11
Q

When does head circumference grow rapidly?

A

first 6 months

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12
Q

States of Consciousness

A
  • deep sleep
  • light sleep
  • drowsiness
  • quiet alert
  • active alert
  • crying
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13
Q

Deep Sleep

A

eyes closed, no movement

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14
Q

Light sleep

A

eyes closed, REM

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15
Q

Drowsiness

A

eyes half closed, dozing

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16
Q

Quiet alert

A

wide awake and calm

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17
Q

Active alert

A

wide awake and moving

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18
Q

Crying

A

crying/screaming and difficult to get attention

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19
Q

What can confirm brain growth?

A

increased head circumference

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20
Q

Anterior Fontanel

A

closes by 12-18 months

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21
Q

When will the root reflex disappear?

A

3 months

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22
Q

Root reflex

A

stroke the cheek, infant turns to the side

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23
Q

When will sucking disappear?

A

2-5 months

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24
Q

Suck

A

sucking is automatic when you place a nipple or finger in infants mouth

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25
Q

Moro

A

sudden extension of arms above head and hands forma a “C”

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26
Q

When will Moro disappear?

A

4 months

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27
Q

Asymmetric Tonic Neck

A

fencing/extremities extended on one side and flex opposite side; head turns away from flexed side

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28
Q

When will Asymmetric Tonic Neck disappear?

A

4 months

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29
Q

Palmar Grasp

A

holds your finger

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30
Q

When will palmer grasp disappear?

A

6 months

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31
Q

Babinski

A

stroke lateral aspect of foot and across plantar surface will cause fanning of toes

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32
Q

When will Babinski disappear?

A

12 months

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33
Q

Step

A

infant places one foot at a time on a surface as if stepping

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34
Q

When will step disappear?

A

4-8 weeks

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35
Q

Respiratory rate for infant

A

30-60

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36
Q

What should their respiratory rate be by 1 year?

A

20-30

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37
Q

How do newborns breathe?

A

irregular w/ periodic pauses

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38
Q

Nasal passages are?

A

narrow

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39
Q

Trachea and chest wall are?

A

more compliant

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40
Q

Bronchi and bronchioles are?

A

shorter and narrower

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41
Q

Larynx

A

funnel shaped

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42
Q

Neck Righting

A

neck keeps head in upright position when body is tilted

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43
Q

When does neck righting appear?

A

4-6 months

44
Q

Parachute (sideways)

A

arms extended when tilted to side from a sitting position?

45
Q

When will parachuting sideways appear?

A

6 months

46
Q

When will parachuting forward appear?

A

6-7 months

47
Q

When will parachuting backwards appear?

A

9-10 months

48
Q

In the first year the heart will?

A

double in size

49
Q

Protective Reflexes

A
  • neck righting
  • parachute sideways
  • parachute forwards
  • parachute backwards
50
Q

Primitive Reflexes

A 
root
suck
moro
asymmetric tonic neck
palmar grasp
plantar grasp
Babinski
step
51
Q

Average BP of newborn?

A

60/40

52
Q

BP will increase to an average of what by 12 months?

A

100/50

53
Q

Why are newborns more susceptible to heat loss?

A

peripheral capillaries are closer to the surface of skin

54
Q

Natal teeth

A
  • present at birth

- may indicate anomalies

55
Q

What is the average age for the first tooth?

A

6-8 months

56
Q

What is the stomach capacity of a newborn?

A

1/2-1 ounce

57
Q

At what age can infants stomach accommodate three full meals and snacks?

A

1 year

58
Q

What is the first stool?

A

meconium

59
Q

Bottle fed stool

A

yellowish/tan like peanut butter

60
Q

Breast fed stool

A

yellow/loose seedy

61
Q

Infrequent stools are normal if?

A

stools are soft

62
Q

Stools to worry about are?

A

red, white, black, mucous like, frequent, frothy, watery, foul smelling, hard pellets, or if baby is vomiting

63
Q

Vernix

A

baby cheese; protects skin at birth

64
Q

When is maternal iron transferred to baby?

A

the last trimester

65
Q

When does object permanence begin?

A

4-7 months

66
Q

When is object permanence solidified?

A

8 months

67
Q

1 months Cephalocaudal/Gross motor skill

A

lift head and turn to side when prone

68
Q

2 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

raises head and chest

69
Q

3 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

raises head 45 degrees

70
Q

4 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

lifts head and looks around/rolls from tummy to back/no head lag

71
Q

5 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

rolls from back to tummy/sits upright when supported

72
Q

What can you do to test if their is blood in an infants stool?

A

hemoculture-if turns blue then there is blood

73
Q

6 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

tripod

74
Q

7 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

sits alone w/ some use of hands

75
Q

8 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

sits unsupported

76
Q

9 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

crawls

77
Q

10 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

pulls to stand, cruises

78
Q

12 months Ceph/Gross motor skill

A

sits from standing/walks independently

79
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

head to toe

80
Q

1 month Fine motor skill

A

fists clench

81
Q

3 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

hand in front of face/hands open

82
Q

4 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

bats at object

83
Q

5 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

holds a rattle

84
Q

6 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

lets go of object to grab something else

85
Q

7 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

transfers object from hand to hand

86
Q

8 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

rakes in object

87
Q

9 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

bangs object together

88
Q

10 mo Fine Motor skill

A

Fine pincer grasp

89
Q

11 mo Fine motor skill

A

offers objects to others

90
Q

12 mo Fine Motor Skill

A

feeds self w/ cup and spoon; pokes w/ index finger

91
Q

When do you know there is a sensory development problem?

A
  • does not respond to loud noises
  • does not focus on near object
  • does not make sounds by 4 mo
  • does not turn to sound by 4 mo
  • crosses eyes most of time by 6 mo
92
Q

When do I know there is a language development problem?

A
  • does not make sounds by 4 mo
  • does not laugh or squeal by 6 mo
  • does not babble by 8 mo
  • does not use single words w/ meaning by 12 mo
93
Q

What does stranger anxiety indicate?

A

Infant recognizes self as separate from others

94
Q

When does separation/stranger anxiety begin?

A

8 months

95
Q

Separation anxiety

A

infant becomes distressed when parent leaves

96
Q

Worry Signs for Social/Emotional Development

A
  • not smiling at 3 mo
  • child refuses to cuddle
  • child does not enjoy people
  • no interest in peek-a-boo at 8 mo
97
Q

How long should a child be in a rear facing car seat?

A

until 12 months and 20 lbs

98
Q

When is breastfeeding NOT recommended?

A
  • infants w/ galactosemia
  • maternal use of illicit drugs and a few prescription medications
  • maternal untreated active tuberculosis
  • maternal HIV infection in developed countries
99
Q

How long can ready-to-feed formula can be kept in the refrigerator?

A

48 hours

100
Q

Bottle Feeding

A
  • wash nipples/bottles in hot soapy water/dishwasher
  • do NOT reheat formula
  • no cereal in bottle
  • no honey
  • do NOT microwave
  • heat by placing in container of hot water
101
Q

You should introduce new food how often to check for allergies?

A

once every 3-5 days

102
Q

Why are fruit juices not recommended?

A

b/c it is missing the protein and dat in breastmilk and formula

103
Q

When should a cup be introduced?

A

6-8 months

104
Q

Common developmental concerns in infancy

A
  • colic
  • spitting
  • thumb sucking, pacifiers, security items
  • teething
105
Q

What can honey put the infant at risk for?

A

Botulism

106
Q

When can you begin introducing solid foods?

A

4-6 months; w/ extrusion of tongue

107
Q

When should babies be eating smashed foods?

A

by 8 months

Pediatrics (24 decks)

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