Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Key Pediatric Nursing Interventions > Flashcards

Key Pediatric Nursing Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Eight Rights of Peds Medication

A
  • right medication
  • patient
  • time
  • route
  • dose
  • documentation
  • right to be educated
  • right to refuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • behavior of medication at the cellular level

- affected by the physiologic immaturity of some body systems in a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

-movement of drugs throughout the body via absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Factors Affecting Oral Medications

A
  • slower gastric emptying
  • increased intestinal motility
  • proportionally larger small intestine surface area
  • higher gastric pH
  • decreased lipase and amylase secretion compared w/ adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Factors Affecting Intramuscular Absorption

A
  • amount of muscle mass
  • muscle tone and perfusion
  • vasomotor instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors Affecting SubQ Absorption

A

decreased perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Factors Affecting Topical Absorption

A
  • increased due to greater body surface area

- greater permeability of infant’s skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors Affecting Distribution of Medication

A
  • higher percentage of body water
  • more rapid extracellular fluid exchange
  • decreased body fat
  • liver immaturity
  • decreased amounts of plasma protein
  • immature blood-brain barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factors Affecting Metabolism

A
  • differences in hepatic enzyme production
  • increased metabolic rate
  • biotransformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you determine the child’s dose?

A
  • weigh the child
  • check drug reference for safe dose range
  • calculate low safe dose
  • calculate high safe dose
  • determine if dose order is in range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pediatric dosage should what?

A

not exceed the minimum recommended adult dosage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Guidelines to Determine Body Surface Area

A
  • measure height
  • determine weight
  • use nomogram
  • determine where lines intersect in surface area column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Forms of Oral Medications

A
  • Liquids
  • powders
  • tablets
  • capsules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forms of Liquid Meds

A

Elixirs
Syrups
Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should you use to measure liquid medications?

A

Calibrated equipment such as medicine cup, spoon, plastic oral syringe, or dropper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you give medicine w/ oral syringe or dropper to infants or young children?

A
  • Direct liquid to posterior side of mouth
  • Give drug slowly, in small amounts
  • Allow child to swallow before more medication is given
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

You should always do what to liquid medication before administering?

A

Shake it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can increase the risk of aspiration and prevent trusting relationships when giving medication?

A
  • Forcing child to take oral meds

- Pinching the child’s nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Guidelines for Administering Meds via Jtube

A
  • verify correct placement
  • give liquid meds directly into tube
  • Mix powder w/ warm water first
  • Verify if ok to crush pills and mix w/ warm water
  • Open capsules and mix w/ warm water
  • Label each syringe appropriately
  • Flush tube w/ water after unless contraindicated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When giving a rectal suppository to a child under 3 what finger would you use?

A

Fifth finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What finger would you use to give a suppository to an older child?

A

Index finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What to do for Suppositories?

A
  • use water soluble lubricant
  • side-lying position
  • gloves
  • hold buttocks together for several minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the patient has a bowel movement after a suppository what should you do?

A

inspect the poop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What to do for Ophthalmic Meds?

A
  • Keep eyes closed until administration
  • Room temperature
  • Control the head
  • Avoid injury to eye
  • Supine
  • Sterile technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If the child is uncooperative for eye drops what can you do?

A

Administer on the inner canthus with eyes closed, then have child open eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do you position the ear for drops of a child younger than 3?

A

Pull pinna down and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do you position the ear for drops of a child 4 and older?

A

Pull pinna up and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cold ear drops can cause what?

A

vertigo or vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Otic Drops

A
  • room temperature
  • supine or side lying
  • massage
  • use cotton ball of needed
30
Q

What determines the IM injection site?

A

Muscle development and the amount of fluid to be injected

31
Q

Less than 7 months IM injection site

A

vastus lateralis

32
Q

> 7 months IM injection site

A

consider ventrogluteal as well as vastus lateralis

33
Q

Dorsogluteal site is not recommended for who?

A

Children younger than 5

34
Q

> 3 years and toddlers w/ sufficient muscle mass

A

Deltoid

35
Q

How much meds can you give to an infant in their vastus lateralis?

A

0.5 mL

36
Q

How much can you give to the toddler in the vastus lateralis?

A

0.5-1 mL

37
Q

How much can you give to the toddler in the deltoid?

A

0.5 mL

38
Q

How much can you give the preschooler in the vastus lateralis?

A

1 mL

39
Q

How much can you give the preschooler in the deltoid ?

A

0.5 mL

40
Q

How much can you give the school age child in the vastus lateralis?

A

1.5-2 mL

41
Q

How much can you give the school age child in the deltoid?

A

0.5-1 mL

42
Q

How much can you give the school age child in the dorsogluteal?

A

1.5-2 mL

43
Q

An IM injection should be given at what angle?

A

90 degree angle

44
Q

SubQ Injections

A
  • distributes meds into the fatty layers of the body

- insulin, heparin, and certain immunizations

45
Q

Intradermal Meds

A
  • deposits meds just under the epidermis

- TB screening and allergy testing

46
Q

Factors Affecting the Choice of Equipment for IV therapy

A
  • solution or meds to be administered
  • duration of therapy
  • age and developmental level of the child
  • child’s status
  • condition of veins
47
Q

Atraumatic Care for Managing IV’s

A
  • gather equipment before approaching child
  • Select hand rather than wrist or arm
  • Ensure adequate pain relief
  • allow anesthetic to dry
  • use barrier to avoid pinching skin
  • use device to illuminate vein if needed
  • encourage parent participation
  • minimal tape
  • protect site from bumping
48
Q

How many times should you attempt to place an IV?

A

2

49
Q

What is the expected urine output for children and adolescents?

A

1.0 to 2.0 mL/kg/hr

50
Q

1 g of weight is equal to how many mL’s of fluid?

A

1 mL

51
Q

Site care for central venous access device:

A

Sterile technique and flush according to policy

52
Q

PICC Line Care

A

Follow manufacturers recommended syringe size

Using 5 mL or larger exerts less pressure on the PICC and reduces risk of rupture

53
Q

Two common complications for IV’s?

A

infiltration and inflammation

54
Q

Prevent Infection Care

A
  • proper hand hygiene
  • maximal barrier protection during insertion
  • assess site frequently
  • proper site care using sterile technique
  • ensure central venous catheter is removed as soon as it is no longer needed
55
Q

How often does HICPAC recommend changing an IV that is used no more than 72-96 hours?

A

every 7 days

56
Q

How often does HICPAC recommend changing IV’s used for blood, blood products, or parenteral nutrition?

A

every 24 hours

57
Q

Atraumatic Care to Discontinue IV

A
  • water or adhesive remover to help loosen tape
  • pull up opposite corners using motion parallel to skin surface
  • avoid scissors
  • turn off infusion solution and pump
  • gently slide the IV catheter out
  • apply pressure to site w/ dry gauze and cover w/ band aide
58
Q

Enteral Nutrition

A

“tube feedings” involve insertion of tube so that feedings can be delivered directly into the child’s GI tract

59
Q

How can Enteral Feedings be given?

A

nasogastric, orogastric, nasojejunal, nasoduodenal, gastronomy, or jejunostomy

60
Q

What are 3 ways you can determine enteral tube length, check tube placement, and provide skin and insertion site care?

A
  • age related height based method
  • nose to ear to mid-xiphoid to umbilicus
  • nose to ear to mid-xiphoid method
61
Q

Tube placement must be confirmed when?

A

Each time the tube is inserted and before each use

62
Q

What is the most accurate way to check tube placement?

A

X-ray

63
Q

How should you secure Gtube?

A

by taping to cheek not forehead

64
Q

Intermittent feedings are commonly called what?

A

bolus feedings

65
Q

Tube Feedings Instructions

A
  • check gastric residual according to policy and before each intermittent
  • supine with head and shoulders elevated 30 degrees
  • flush w/ small amounts of water
  • solution at room temp
  • administer per facility policy
  • flow by gravity
  • 15-30 mins
  • clamp to prevent air
  • disconnect
66
Q

What should the parents do if the tube comes out at home?

A
  • cover w/ small clean dressing tape
  • call MD w/ immediate replacement
  • sometimes families are taught once the tube is more than 6 weeks old
67
Q

What determines the type of parenteral nutrition?

A

Concentration and components of the solution

68
Q

Parenteral nutrition given via a central venous access is termed what?

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

69
Q

What to do when TPN stops?

A
  • be prepared to begin an infusion of 5-10 % dextrose solution at the same infusion rate as the TPN
  • helps prevent hypoglycemia
  • body will increase insulin secretion in response to highly concentrated TPN solution
70
Q

Measures to Reduce Complications w/ TPN

A
  • monitor vitals closely
  • strict aseptic technique
  • ensure system remains closed at all times
  • use occlusive dressing
  • adhere to agency policy for flushing
  • asses I/O’s
  • Monitor BG levels and order lab tests as ordered to evaluate changes in fluid and electrolytes

Pediatrics (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions