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NEUROLOGY > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What is sleep?

A
  • reversible state
  • not conscious or unconscious
  • Loss of ability to respond to external environment
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2
Q

What does REM sleep stand for?

A

REM = Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

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3
Q

What is the difference between REM sleep and Non-REM sleep?

A

REM SLEEP

  • end of night
  • Similar to wakefulness
  • Decreased muscle tone (except resp and extraocular)
  • Narrative dreaming (following storyline)

Non-REM sleep

  • at start of night
  • relaxation of muscles
  • Reduced heart rate, blood pressure and tidal volumes
  • Non-narrative dream images
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4
Q

Which of non-REM and REM sleep is most important?

A

Non-REM sleep (DEEP SLEEP)

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5
Q

What is thought to be the function of REM sleep?

A

substitute stimulation for wakefulness (due to storyline)

=> contributes to early brain development in infants who spend a lot of the day sleeping

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6
Q

Certain drugs can suppress REM sleep and this has no effect on the patient. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

tri-cyclic antidepressants suppress REM sleep

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7
Q

How long do neonates sleep for during the day and how much of this is REM sleep?

A

16 hours per day asleep

50% REM

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8
Q

Why does the homeostatic response cause you to feel “sleepy”?

A

It means the longer you are awake the more tired you become

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9
Q

What is meant by “circadian rhythm”?

A

your “body clock”

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10
Q

What times of the day do we have peaks in sleepiness during the normal circadian rhythm?

A

4am

then another smaller peak at 2pm

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11
Q

Apart from sleep, what else does circadian rhythm control?

A

appetite

hormone secretion

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12
Q

Describe how circadian rhythm differs in children, teens and the elderly?

A 
Children = earlier body clock => wake and sleep earlier
Teens = later body clock => wake and sleep later
Elderly = revert back to child-like body clock
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13
Q

Research shows that circadian rhythm actually lasts for how long?

A

25 hours

=> has to be reset every day

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14
Q

How is circadian rhythm reset everyday?

A

non-rod and non-cone cells (behind the eye) are sensitive to blue light in morning

  • these project signals back to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to reset the body clock
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15
Q

What behavioural traits can show a chronic sleep deprivation?

A 
Disinhibited
Unaware
Judgement impaired
vsiual hallucinations
psychosis
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16
Q

“Dosing” e.g. in front of the television, is a substitute for replacing sleep. TRUE/FALSE?

A

FALSE

- brain is in quiet readiness => state of wakefullness

17
Q

What does chronic sleep deprivation not affect?

A

well rehearsed tasks
routine behaviour
logical tasks

18
Q

How is sleep deprivation most likely to kill a person?

A

they drive tired and cause a road traffic accident

19
Q

What is the minimum amount of sleep required in a night?

A

7-7.5 hours

20
Q

A “lie in” at the weekend can make up for sleep deprivation. TRUE/FALSE?

A

FALSE

21
Q

A 15 minute nap in the afternoon is equivalent to how long at night?

A

90 mins

22
Q

Parasomnias can occur in both REM and Non-REM sleep. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

Describe how patients act in a REM parasomnia

A
  • takes place in last 1/3 of night
  • muscle atonia subsides and patients attempt to take part in their dreams (e.g. kick football)
  • REM sleep disorders are very often seen in patients with Parkinsons disease
24
Q

What can occur during a Non-REM sleep parasomnia?

A
  • Non-dreaming
  • Confusional arousals
  • Sleep walking
  • Sleep terrors and paralysis
  • Restless legs
25
Q

At what two ages does narcolepsy incidence peak?

A

15 and 36

26
Q

What are the hallmark features of narcolepsy?

A
  • daytime sleepiness
  • cataplexy (loss of muscle tone triggered by an emotion e.g. shock)
  • hallucinations at sleep onset
  • sleep paralysis
  • RBD
27
Q

What investigations can potentially be used to diagnose narcolepsy?

A
  • Overnight polysomnography
  • Multiple sleep latency test (patient falls asleep faster - i.e. within around 10 mins - and they fall straight into REM sleep)
  • Lumbar puncture also may show slight abnormalities

NEUROLOGY (29 decks)

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