Flashcards in Acute Inflammatory Airway Obstruction Deck (37)
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1
Defines the narrowest portion of the upper airways in children <10 yrs
Cricoid cartilage
2
Bark-like or brassy cough
Croup
3
Harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound which is usually inspiratory but can be biphasic
Stridor
4
Most acute infections of the upper airway are caused by ___ with the exception of diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, and epiglottitis
Viruses
5
Account for ~75% of infectious upper airway obstruction
Parainfluenza
6
Croup peaks at what age
2 y/o
7
Croup is aka
Laryngotracheobronchitis
8
MCC of pediatric epiglottitis in vaccinated children
S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus; Hib has been reduced due to vaccination
9
MCC of croup
Viruses
10
MC form of upper airway osbtruction
Croup
11
Barking cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor
Croup
12
T/F Symptoms of croup are worse at night
T
13
T/F Croup is a clinical diagnosis and does not require a radiograph of the neck
T
14
Radiographs of the neck in croup can show the typical ___
Subglottic narrowing or steeple sign
15
Accepted treatment for moderate to severe croup which causes constriction of the precapillary arterioles through β-adrenergic receptors, causing fluid resorption and decreased edema
Nebulized racemic epinephrine
16
T/F Effectiveness of oral corticosteroids in viral croup is well-established
T
17
Upper airway obstruction: Drooling with hyperextended neck in an attempt to maintain the airway
Acute epiglottitis
18
Upper airway obstruction: Tripod position
Acute epiglottitis
19
Upper airway obstruction: Stridor is a late finding
Acute epiglottitis
20
T/F In acute epiglottitis, no other family members are ill with acute respiratory symptoms
T
21
Upper airway obstruction: Cherry red epiglottis
Acute epiglottitis
22
T/F Diagnosis of acute epiglottitis REQUIRES visualization of a large cherry red swollen epiglottis by laryngoscopy
T
23
Classic radiographic picture of child who has epiglottitis
Thumb sign
24
T/F Establishing an airway is indicated in patients with epiglottitis regardless of degree of apparent respiratory distress
T
25
Reason why it is necessary to establish an airway in epiglottitis regardless of degree of respiratory distress
As many as 6% of children without an artificial airway die compared to <1% with artificial airway
26
T/F Children with epiglottitis are intubated for 2-3 days because response to antibiotics is usually rapid
T
27
Choices for empiric therapy of epiglottitis
IV Ceftri, Cefotax, Merop (BECAUSE 10-40% of Hib are resistant to Ampicillin)
28
Indications for household members prophylaxis in cases of epiglottitis
1) <48 months of age incompletely immunized 2) <12 months with no primary vaccination series 3) Immunocompromised child
29
Medication used for prophylaxis in cases of epiglottitis
Rifampin
30
