Advanced Vocab Words - Set 4 Flashcards
Learn to understand and effectively use 100 advanced vocabulary words. Improve your test scores, or simply be more articulate in your daily life. Each word is used in context in a sample sentence and includes synonyms and a pronunciation guide. (200 cards)
1
Q
Define:
aseptic
(uh-sep-tik)
A
adj. free of pathogens or germs
adj. with little or no emotion
Doctors are always careful to use aseptic surgical equipment to prevent infection.
Prefix: a- (from Greek, meaning “not” or “without”); Root: sept (from Greek sēptikos, meaning “putrefying”)
2
Q
Define:
prolix
(proh-liks)
A
adj. wordy or prolonged; tedious in length
The prolix manuscript took days to read.
Prefix: pro- (from Latin, meaning “forward”); Root: lix (from Latin liquere, meaning “to flow”)
3
Q
Define:
foolhardy
(fool-hahr-dee)
A
adj. reckless, unwisely bold; thoughtlessly rash
It was a foolhardy attempt to climb the Sears Tower that went very wrong.
Root: fool (from Old French fol, meaning “foolish”); Suffix: -hardy (from Old French hardi, meaning “bold”)
4
Q
Define:
picaresque
(pik-uh-resk)
A
adj. involving clever rogues in episodes of comedy or adventure
Huck Finn is a picaresque hero.
Root: picaro (from Spanish, meaning “rogue” or “rascal”); Suffix: -esque (from French, meaning “in the style of”)
5
Q
Define:
raucous
(raw-kuhs)
A
adj. rough sounding, harsh
adj. boisterous, rowdy, disorderly
The raucous laughter went on long into the night.
Root: rauc (from Latin raucus, meaning “hoarse”)
6
Q
Define:
providential
(prov-ih-den-shuhl)
A
adj. to occur as if from divine intervention or great time
His providential recovery, when it seemed that he would surely succumb, brought hope to many.
Root: provident (from Latin providentia, meaning “foresight”); Suffix: -ial (forming adjectives)
7
Q
Define:
antipodal
(an-tip-uh-dl)
A
adj. diametrically opposed to, polar opposite
adj. on the opposite side of the earth
The couple had totally antipodal personalities, but they enjoyed each other’s company.
Prefix: anti- (from Greek, meaning “opposite”); Root: pod (from Greek pous, meaning “foot”); Suffix: -al (forming adjectives)
8
Q
Define:
pillory
(pill-uh-ree)
A
v. to punish; to hold up for public scorning
n. a wooden framework with holes for head and hands, in which criminal offenders are held
Dan was pilloried in class for his inability to spell “potato”.
Root: pillar (from Old French pilori, meaning “pillar”)
9
Q
Define:
infelicitous
(in-fuh-liss-ih-tuss)
A
adj. unfortunate, awkward, inappropriate
In Thailand, it is considered infelicitous to touch someone’s head.
Prefix: in- (from Latin, meaning “not”); Root: felicit (from Latin felicitas, meaning “happiness”); Suffix: -ous (forming adjectives)
10
Q
Define:
dilatory
(dil-uh-tawr-ee)
A
adj. tending to delay, put off, or procrastinate
adj. intended to slow progress
Courtney employed dilatory tactics in the debate in order to collect her thoughts, but the judges noticed and she was docked a point.
Root: dilat (from Latin dilatus, meaning “deferred”); Suffix: -ory (forming adjectives)
11
Q
Define:
overweening
(oh-ver-wee-ning)
A
adj. presumptuously arrogant or conceited; overconfident, overbearing
Ian made the overweening assumption that people would rush to help him.
Prefix: over- (meaning “excessive”); Root: ween (from Old English wenan, meaning “to think”); Suffix: -ing (forming adjectives)
12
Q
Define:
neologism
(nee-awl-uh-djiz-uhm)
A
n. the creation of new words, expressions, or usages for words
“Technophile” is a neologism, just as “UFO” once was.
Prefix: neo- (from Greek, meaning “new”); Root: log (from Greek logos, meaning “word”); Suffix: -ism (forming nouns indicating a practice or system)
13
Q
Define:
lassitude
(lass-ih-tood)
A
n. a state of listless exhaustion, weakness, or weariness of the mind or body
The extreme heat led to a general lassitude that settled on the village from May to October.
Root: lass (from Latin lassus, meaning “weary”); Suffix: -itude (forming nouns indicating a state or condition)
14
Q
Define:
locution
(loh-kyoo-shuhn)
A
n. a particular word, phrase, or style used by a person or group
n. style of speaking, phraseology
The newcomers were fascinated by the Aussie’s locution.
Root: locut (from Latin loqui, meaning “to speak”); Suffix: -ion (forming nouns indicating an action or condition)
15
Q
Define:
jocose
(joh-kohss)
A
adj. characterized by a joking or humorous manner
The jocose innkeeper could always be counted on for a bit of levity.
Root: joc (from Latin jocus, meaning “joke”); Suffix: -ose (forming adjectives indicating fullness or abundance)
16
Q
Define:
rend
(rend)
A
v. to forcibly take
v. to tear apart
The three-year-old decided she wants to play with the teddy bear, so she rended it from her infant sister’s hands.
Root: rend (from Old English rendan, meaning “to tear”)
17
Q
Define:
stanch
(stawnch)
A
v. to cease the flow of a liquid (esp. blood)
The doctor’s attempt to stanch the flow of blood eventually succeeded, and the patient’s blood pressure stabilized.
Root: stanch (from Latin stare, meaning “to stand”)
18
Q
Define:
solder
(sod-er)
A
v. to weld, fuse, or join (esp. metals)
Harry soldered the bits of scrap metal together to make a pet door.
Root: solder (from Latin solidare, meaning “to make solid”)
19
Q
Define:
demure
(duh-myoor)
A
adj. modest, shy
Lindsay was demure and had a tough time opening up to new people.
Prefix: de- (from Latin, meaning “down” or “away”); Root: mure (from Old French murer, meaning “to wall”)
20
Q
Define:
insensible
(in-sen-suh-buhl)
A
adj. unconscious, unresponsive
The boxer lay insensible on the floor of the ring.
Prefix: in- (from Latin, meaning “not”); Root: sens (from Latin sentire, meaning “to feel”); Suffix: -ible (forming adjectives indicating capability)
21
Q
Name the vocab term:
adj. free of pathogens or germs
adj. with little or no emotion
Hint: starts with “a”
A
aseptic
synonyms: barren, clean; withdrawn, introverted, sterile, unemotional
The hospital room was kept aseptic to prevent infections.
His aseptic demeanor made it hard to read his feelings.
22
Q
Fill in the blank:
The professor’s ________ lecture caused several students to lose focus.
Hint: Starts with “p” and means “tediously wordy”.
A
prolix
prolix (proh-liks)
adj. wordy or prolonged; tedious in length
23
Q
Name the vocab term:
adj. reckless, unwisely bold; thoughtlessly rash
Hint: starts with “f”
A
foolhardy
synonyms: daredevil, venturous, risky, audacious, imprudent
His foolhardy decision to drive through the storm led to disaster.
24
Q
Fill in the blank:
The novel’s ________ hero was always getting into mischief.
Hint: Starts with “p” and means “relating to adventures of a roguish hero”.
A
picaresque
picaresque (pik-uh-resk)
adj. involving clever rogues in episodes of comedy or adventure
25
# Name the vocab term:
adj. rough sounding, harsh
adj. boisterous, rowdy, disorderly
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
raucous
## Footnote
synonyms: noisy, chaotic, loud, clamorous, disorderly
The _raucous_ laughter filled the noisy bar.
The _raucous_ crowd disrupted the concert.
26
# Fill in the blank:
Their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ meeting led to a lifelong friendship.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "fortunate or timely".*
providential
## Footnote
*providential (prov-ih-**den**-shuhl)*
adj. to occur as if from divine intervention
27
# Name the vocab term:
adj. diametrically opposed to, polar opposite
adj. on the opposite side of the earth
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
antipodal
## Footnote
synonyms: opposed, contrary, counter, opposite, divergent
Their views on politics were _antipodal_.
Australia and Argentina are _antipodal_ regions.
28
# Fill in the blank:
He was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the press for his controversial remarks.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "publicly ridiculed or punished".*
pilloried
## Footnote
*pillory (**pill**-uh-ree)*
v. to punish; to hold up for public scorning
n. a wooden framework with holes for head and hands, in which criminal offenders are held
29
# Name the vocab term:
adj. unfortunate, awkward, inappropriate
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
infelicitous
## Footnote
synonyms: improper, ill-suited, inopportune, unsuitable
His _infelicitous_ comment ruined the otherwise pleasant dinner.
30
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach to her work caused deadlines to be missed.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "slow to act".*
dilatory
## Footnote
*dilatory (**dil**-uh-tawr-ee)*
adj. tending to delay, put off, or procrastinate
adj. intended to slow progress
31
# Name the vocab term:
adj. presumptuously arrogant or conceited, overconfident, overbearing
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "o"*
overweening
## Footnote
synonyms: brash, conceited, pompous, hubristic, egotistical
His _overweening_ arrogance made him unpopular among his colleagues.
32
# Fill in the blank:
The tech industry is full of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that are hard to keep up with.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "n" and means "a newly coined word or phrase".*
neologism
## Footnote
*neologism (nee-**awl**-uh-djiz-uhm)*
n. the creation of new words, expressions, or usages for words
33
# Name the vocab term:
n. a state of listless exhaustion, weakness, or weariness of the mind or body
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
lassitude
## Footnote
synonyms: lethargy, weariness, fatigue, listlessness, apathy
After the long hike, she was overcome with _lassitude_.
34
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was filled with regional slang that made him hard to understand.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "l" and means "a style of speech or expression".*
locution
## Footnote
*locution (loh-**kyoo**-shuhn)*
n. a particular word, phrase, or style used by a person or group
n. style of speaking, phraseology
35
# Name the vocab term:
adj. characterized by a joking or humorous manner
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "j"*
jocose
## Footnote
synonyms: facetious, humorous, funny, playful, lighthearted
His _jocose_ personality made him the life of the party.
36
# Fill in the blank:
He tried to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the book from her hands.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "to tear apart violently".*
rend
## Footnote
*rend (**rend**)*
v. to forcibly take
v. to tear apart
37
# Name the vocab term:
v. to cease the flow of a liquid (esp. blood)
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
stanch
## Footnote
synonyms: halt, stop, quench, check
The nurse quickly _stanched_ the bleeding.
38
# Fill in the blank:
He carefully \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the broken circuit board back together.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "joined metal parts together".*
soldered
## Footnote
*solder (**sod**-er)*
v. to weld, fuse, or join (esp. metals)
39
# Name the vocab term:
adj. modest, shy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
demure
## Footnote
synonyms: reserved, bashful, coy, retiring, unassuming
She gave a _demure_ smile when complimented.
40
# Fill in the blank:
He was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after being hit on the head.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "unconscious or unaware".*
insensible
## Footnote
*insensible (in-**sen**-suh-buhl)*
adj. unconscious, unresponsive
41
# Define:
rail
| (**reyl**)
v. to complain bitterly
## Footnote
The citizens _railed_ against the injustice of the federal land grab in tersely-worded editorials and letters to the editor.
Root: *regula* (from Latin, meaning "a straight stick")
42
# Define:
noisome
| (**noy**-suhm)
adj. unpleasant (smell) or harmful
## Footnote
The _noisome_ odor of the garbage nauseated Audrey.
Suffix: *-some* (from Old English, meaning "tending to" or "causing")
43
# Define:
mellifluous
| (muh-**lif**-loo-uhs)
adj. sweetly flowing (esp. of words or sounds)
## Footnote
Lucy's _mellifluous_ voice was noted by her interviewer.
Prefix: *melli-* (from Latin *mel*, meaning "honey"); Root: *fluere* (from Latin, meaning "to flow")
44
# Define:
inveterate
| (in-**vet**-er-it)
adj. established, habitual, deep-rooted
## Footnote
It was Tony's _inveterate_ preference to drink orange juice every morning.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *vetus* (from Latin, meaning "old")
45
# Define:
coterie
| (**koh**-tuh-ree)
n. a small or exclusive group of people with common interests
## Footnote
The _coterie_ of musicians began to meet on Tuesday nights and eventually established a weekly concert series.
Root: *cote* (from Old French, meaning "cottage" or "hut")
46
# Define:
impugn
| (im-**pyoon**)
v. to challenge or attack one's beliefs or motives as false
## Footnote
The candidate went too far when he began to _impugn_ the character of his opponent's husband.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "against"); Root: *pugnare* (from Latin, meaning "to fight")
47
# Define:
voluble
| (**vol**-yuh-buhl)
adj. able to speak easily and in quantity, glib, talkative
## Footnote
The _voluble_ speaker talked late into the night.
Root: *volvere* (from Latin, meaning "to turn" or "to roll")
48
# Define:
misogynist
| (mih-**sodj**-uh-nist)
n. one who hates women
## Footnote
The song contained several lyrics that were so offensive to women that the singer was immediately labeled a _misogynist_.
Prefix: *miso-* (from Greek, meaning "hatred"); Root: *gyn* (from Greek *gynē*, meaning "woman")
49
# Define:
pedagogy
| (**ped**-uh-goh-djee)
n. the art or profession of training, teaching, or instructing
## Footnote
Training in _pedagogy_ can't prepare you for manic third graders.
Root: *ped* (from Greek *pais*, meaning "child"); Suffix: *-agogy* (from Greek *agogos*, meaning "leader")
50
# Define:
ambient
| (**am**-bee-uhnt)
adj. relating to the immediate surroundings; surrounding environment
## Footnote
The low _ambient_ lighting made for a romantic dinner setting.
Prefix: *ambi-* (from Latin, meaning "around"); Root: *ire* (from Latin, meaning "to go")
51
# Define:
inquest
| (**in**-kwest)
n. a judicial inquiry of some matter held before a jury
n. an investigation, inquiry
## Footnote
The police opened an _inquest_ into the cause of death.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *quaerere* (from Latin, meaning "to seek")
52
# Define:
preen
| (**preen**)
v. to primp, to dress up
v. to clean fur or feathers of an animal
## Footnote
The bird _preened_ its feathers with its beak for a few moments before taking flight.
53
# Define:
parry
| (**pear**-ee)
v. to block, evade, or ward off
## Footnote
The politician _parried_ the reporter's questions with a few of her own.
Root: *parare* (from Latin, meaning "to prepare" or "to ward off")
54
# Define:
guy
| (**gahy**)
n. rope or cord attached to something as a brace
## Footnote
I was nervous that the _guy_ for the pulley would snap.
55
# Define:
sallow
| (**sal**-oh)
adj. of a sickly yellowish hue or complexion
## Footnote
There was a large number of _sallow_-looking patients in the doctor's office.
56
# Define:
plangent
| (**plan**-djuhnt)
adj. pounding, thundering, resounding
## Footnote
The _plangent_ honking of geese flying overhead jolted me awake.
Root: *plangere* (from Latin, meaning "to strike" or "to lament")
57
# Define:
peripatetic
| (per-uh-puh-**tet**-ik)
adj. itinerant, nomadic
## Footnote
A _peripatetic_ existence can take its toll on your relationships with the ones you love.
Prefix: *peri-* (from Greek, meaning "around"); Root: *patein* (from Greek, meaning "to walk")
58
# Define:
rue
| (**roo**)
v. to regret; to feel or experience remorse
## Footnote
I _rued_ the day I ever let her go.
59
# Define:
macerate
| (**mass**-uh-reyt)
v. to soften by steeping in a liquid, or decompose
v. to emaciate; to starve
## Footnote
Now, we will _macerate_ the rest of the melon in hot water so we can use it to flavor the cream.
Root: *macerare* (from Latin, meaning "to soften" or "to steep")
60
# Define:
callow
| (**kal**-oh)
adj. lacking maturity or experience
## Footnote
A _callow_ young man was tormenting the elderly in the park.
61
# Name the vocab term:
v. to complain bitterly
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
rail
## Footnote
synonyms: berate, abuse, complain, rant, criticize
She _railed_ against the unfair treatment she received.
62
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fumes made it difficult to breathe.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "n" and means "offensive or harmful".*
noisome
## Footnote
*noisome (**noy**-suhm)*
adj. offensive or harmful
63
# Name the vocab term:
adj. sweetly flowing (esp. of words or sounds)
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
mellifluous
## Footnote
synonyms: euphonic, harmonic, mellow, pleasing, smooth, soothing
Her _mellifluous_ voice captivated the audience.
64
# Fill in the blank:
He was an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ smoker despite numerous attempts to quit.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "firmly established habit".*
inveterate
## Footnote
*inveterate (in-**vet**-er-it)*
adj. established, habitual, deep-rooted
65
# Name the vocab term:
n. a small or exclusive group of people with common interests
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
coterie
## Footnote
synonyms: clique, crowd, collective, group, association
She belonged to an elite _coterie_ of art collectors.
66
# Fill in the blank:
He \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ her integrity during the heated debate.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "challenged as false".*
impugned
## Footnote
*impugn (im-**pyoon**)*
v. to challenge or attack ones beliefs or motives as false
67
# Name the vocab term:
adj. able to speak easily and in quantity, glib, talkative
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
voluble
## Footnote
synonyms: articulate, chatty, conversational, talkative, garrulous
The _voluble_ speaker entertained the crowd for hours.
68
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was known for his discriminatory views.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "one who dislikes women".*
misogynist
## Footnote
*misogynist (mih-**sodj**-uh-nist)*
n. one who hates women
69
# Name the vocab term:
n. the art or profession of training, teaching, or instructing
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pedagogy
## Footnote
synonyms: education, apprenticeship, discipline, instruction, teaching
She excelled in _pedagogy_, making complex subjects accessible to students.
70
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ noise of the city made it hard to concentrate.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "surrounding on all sides".*
ambient
## Footnote
*ambient (**am**-bee-uhnt)*
adj. relating to the immediate surroundings; surrounding environment
71
# Name the vocab term:
n. a judicial inquiry of some matter held before a jury.
n. an investigation, inquiry
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inquest
## Footnote
synonyms: a judicial inquiry, an official review before a panel, investigation, examination
The court held an _inquest_ into the cause of the accident.
72
# Fill in the blank:
The bird \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ its feathers in the sunlight.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "groomed or dressed with care".*
preened
## Footnote
*preen (**preen**)*
v. to primp, to dress up
v. to clean fur or feathers of an animal
73
# Name the vocab term:
v. to block, evade, or ward off
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
parry
## Footnote
synonyms: block, dodge, circumvent, deflect, counter
He skillfully _parried_ his opponent's attack.
74
# Fill in the blank:
The tent was secured with a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to withstand the wind.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "g" and means "a rope or cable for steadying something".*
guy
## Footnote
*guy (**gahy**)*
n. rope or cord attached to something as a brace
75
# Name the vocab term:
adj. of a sickly yellowish hue or complexion
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sallow
## Footnote
synonyms: pale, unhealthy-looking, jaundiced, sickly, wan
Her _sallow_ complexion was a sign of her illness.
76
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ roar of the waves echoed through the cliffs.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "having a mournful sound".*
plangent
## Footnote
*plangent (**plan**-djuhnt)*
adj. pounding, thundering, resounding
77
# Name the vocab term:
adj. itinerant, nomadic
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
peripatetic
## Footnote
synonyms: migrant, vagrant, wandering, traveling, roving
His _peripatetic_ lifestyle took him all over the world.
78
# Fill in the blank:
He \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the day he made that fateful decision.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "regretted".*
rued
## Footnote
*rue (**roo**)*
v. to regret; to feel or experience remorse
79
# Name the vocab term:
v. to soften by steeping in a liquid, or decompose
v. to emaciate; to starve
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
macerate
## Footnote
synonyms: soak, dissolve, break down, soften
The fruit was left to _macerate_ in the wine overnight.
The harsh conditions caused the prisoners to _macerate_.
80
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ youth made many naive mistakes.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "inexperienced or immature".*
callow
## Footnote
*callow (**kal**-oh)*
adj. lacking maturity or experience
81
# Define:
wistful
| (**wist**-fuhl)
adj. yearning, longing, or melancholy
## Footnote
The child stared _wistfully_ out the window for days, waiting for her dog to return.
Suffix: *-ful* (meaning 'full of')
82
# Define:
corroborate
| (kuh-**rob**-uh-rehyt)
v. to confirm or validate
## Footnote
The mailman _corroborated_ the alleged thief's story, confirming that he had merely been passing by when the robbery occurred.
Prefix: *cor-* (from Latin *com-*, meaning 'together'); Root: *robor* (from Latin *roborare*, meaning 'to strengthen')
83
# Define:
couch
| (**couch**)
v. to express in indirect terms; to frame in a certain way
## Footnote
Her criticism was _couched_ in flattering terms so that her coworker wouldn't take offense.
Root: *couch* (from Old French *coucher*, meaning 'to lay down')
84
# Define:
innervate
| (ih-**nur**-veyt)
v. to give nervous energy to; to supply with nerves
## Footnote
The team was _innervated_ by the coach's pep talk and approached the second half with renewed energy.
Prefix: *in-* (meaning 'into'); Root: *nerve* (relating to nerves or the nervous system)
85
# Define:
impecunious
| (im-puh-**kyoo**-nee-us)
adj. poor; without any money
## Footnote
A graduate student generally leads an _impecunious_ existence.
Prefix: *im-* (meaning 'not'); Root: *pecun* (from Latin *pecunia*, meaning 'money')
86
# Define:
grovel
| (**gruhv**-uhl)
v. to behave in a servile manner to receive forgiveness or a favor
v. to kneel with one's head down
## Footnote
The servants _groveled_ at the king's throne.
Root: *grovel* (from Middle English *grovelen*, meaning 'to lie face downward')
87
# Define:
epicurean
| (ep-ih-kyoo-**ree**-uhn)
adj. characterized by luxury (esp. in terms of food and drink) or by a propensity for indulging in luxury
## Footnote
The cruise was marketed as an _epicurean_ adventure through the cuisines of four Caribbean nations.
Root: *Epicure* (from the Greek philosopher Epicurus, associated with pleasure and luxury)
88
# Define:
hirsute
| (**hur**-soot)
adj. hairy, shaggy
## Footnote
A _hirsute_ sheepdog won the Dog Showing Contest.
Root: *hirsut* (from Latin *hirsutus*, meaning 'hairy')
89
# Define:
countenance
| (**koun**-tuh-nunce)
n. appearance of a person's face
v. to permit, to allow
## Footnote
Many people thought she was friendly because of her kindly _countenance_.
Root: *counten* (from Latin *continentia*, meaning 'bearing' or 'demeanor')
90
# Define:
scurvy
| (**skur**-vee)
adj. not admirable, despicable
## Footnote
The _scurvy_ pirate secured his escape by throwing gun powder into the eyes of his pursuers.
Root: *scurv* (from Old English *scurf*, meaning 'scaly skin')
91
# Define:
covert
| (**koe**-vert)
adj. hidden; secret
## Footnote
The government's _covert_ operations were laid bare by the shocking article.
Root: *cover* (from Old French *covrir*, meaning 'to cover')
92
# Define:
craven
| (**kray**-vun)
adj. cowardly
## Footnote
The _craven_ man ran away at the first sign of danger.
Root: *crav* (from Old French *cravent*, meaning 'defeated')
93
# Define:
eugenics
| (yoo-**djen**-iks)
n. the study of heredity improvements by genetic control
## Footnote
Nazi Germany is known to have carried out many _eugenics_ experiments that provoked outrage once they came to light.
Prefix: *eu-* (meaning 'good' or 'well'); Root: *gen* (from Greek *genos*, meaning 'race' or 'kind')
94
# Define:
credence
| (**creed**-enss)
n. belief that something is true
n. plausibility
## Footnote
She gave _credence_ to the rumors when she failed to deny them.
Root: *cred* (from Latin *credere*, meaning 'to believe')
95
# Define:
execrate
| (**ek**-si-kreyt)
v. to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce
v. to loathe
v. to curse
## Footnote
The rival teams appeared on the news to _execrate_ one another.
Prefix: *ex-* (meaning 'out'); Root: *secr* (from Latin *sacer*, meaning 'sacred')
96
# Define:
sempiternal
| (sem-pih-**tur**-nl)
adj. eternal, infinite
## Footnote
Nothing in life is _sempiternal_, alas.
Prefix: *sem-* (from Latin *semper*, meaning 'always'); Root: *etern* (meaning 'eternal')
97
# Define:
credulous
| (**kredj**-uh-luss)
adj. easily convinced that something is true
## Footnote
His lies were so ridiculous that only the most _credulous_ child would have believed them.
Root: *cred* (from Latin *credere*, meaning 'to believe'); Suffix: *-ous* (meaning 'full of')
98
# Define:
plumb
| (**pluhm**)
v. to measure the depth
v. to examine critically
## Footnote
I think she is the only architect working today who has the courage to truly _plumb_ the possibilities of recycled construction materials.
Root: *plumb* (from Latin *plumbum*, meaning 'lead')
99
# Define:
culpable
| (**kull**-puh-bull)
adj. deserving of blame or punishment
## Footnote
He confessed that he was _culpable_ for the crime and faced the consequences.
Root: *culp* (from Latin *culpa*, meaning 'fault' or 'blame'); Suffix: *-able* (meaning 'capable of')
100
# Define:
debase
| (dih-**base**)
v. to corrupt or lower the value of
## Footnote
Many argue that modern society has been _debased_ by materialism.
Prefix: *de-* (meaning 'down' or 'away'); Root: *base* (meaning 'low' or 'bottom')
101
# Name the vocab term:
adj. yearning, longing, or melancholy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "w"*
wistful
## Footnote
synonyms: forlorn, reflective, pensive, melancholic
She gave a _wistful_ glance at the old photographs, remembering better times.
102
# Fill in the blank:
The witness's testimony \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the alibi of the defendant.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "confirmed or supported".*
corroborated
## Footnote
*corroborate (kuh-**rob**-uh-rehyt)*
v. to confirm or validate
103
# Name the vocab term:
v. to express in indirect terms; to frame in a certain way
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
couch
## Footnote
synonyms: formulate, phrase, surround, present, articulate
She _couched_ her criticism in more diplomatic language to avoid offense.
104
# Fill in the blank:
The motivational speech \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the team before the big game.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "supplied with nerves".*
innervated
## Footnote
*innervate (ih-**nur**-veyt)*
v. to give nervous energy to; to supply with nerves
105
# Name the vocab term:
adj. poor; without any money
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
impecunious
## Footnote
synonyms: destitute, impoverished, broke, needy
He was _impecunious_ after years of struggling to find steady work.
106
# Fill in the blank:
They \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to win favor with the influential leader.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "g" and means "acted in a servile way".*
groveled
## Footnote
*grovel (**gruhv**-uhl)*
v. to behave in a servile manner
v. to indulge in unworthy pursuits
107
# Name the vocab term:
adj. characterized by luxury (esp. in terms of food and drink) or by a propensity for indulging in luxury
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
epicurean
## Footnote
synonyms: gluttonous, libertine, luxurious, indulgent
The _epicurean_ feast featured the finest wines and gourmet dishes.
108
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ dog left fur all over the furniture.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "h" and means "hairy".*
hirsute
## Footnote
*hirsute (**hur**-soot)*
adj. hairy, shaggy
109
# Name the vocab term:
n. appearance of a person's face
v. to permit, to allow
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
countenance
## Footnote
synonyms: aspect, demeanor, expression; face, approval
His serious _countenance_ made him look older than his years.
The manager _countenanced_ the team's request for a day off.
110
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior left him with few friends.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "despicable or contemptible".*
scurvy
## Footnote
*scurvy (**skur**-vee)*
adj. not admirable, despicable
111
# Name the vocab term:
adj. hidden; secret
n. a covered place for hiding
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
covert
## Footnote
synonyms: cloaked, secret, sly, concealed, hidden
The agent's _covert_ operation was unknown to most of his colleagues.
The fox darted into the _covert_ to avoid the hunters.
112
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refusal to stand up for his beliefs cost him his reputation.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "cowardly".*
craven
## Footnote
*craven (**kray**-vun)*
adj. cowardly
113
# Name the vocab term:
n. the study of heredity improvements by genetic control
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
eugenics
## Footnote
synonyms: genetic enhancement, genetic manipulation, biogenetics
The controversial theory of _eugenics_ has raised ethical concerns over the years.
114
# Fill in the blank:
The scientist's findings lent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the new theory.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "belief or acceptance as true".*
credence
## Footnote
*credence (**creed**-enss)*
n. belief that something is true
n. plausibility
115
# Name the vocab term:
v. to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce
v. to loathe
v. to curse
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
execrate
## Footnote
synonyms: accurse, condemn; hate, detest, revile
The dictator was _execrated_ by the people for his brutal regime.
She _execrated_ the idea of injustice.
116
# Fill in the blank:
The stars in the sky seem \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, twinkling throughout the ages.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "everlasting".*
sempiternal
## Footnote
*sempiternal (sem-pih-**tur**-nl)*
adj. eternal, infinite
117
# Name the vocab term:
adj. easily convinced that something is true
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
credulous
## Footnote
synonyms: gullible, too trusting, naive, unsuspecting
The _credulous_ child believed every story his older brother told him.
118
# Fill in the blank:
They used a rope to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the depths of the ocean.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "to measure depth or examine closely".*
plumb
## Footnote
*plumb (**pluhm**)*
v. to measure the depth
v. to examine critically
119
# Name the vocab term:
adj. deserving of blame or punishment
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
culpable
## Footnote
synonyms: guilty, liable, responsible, accountable
He was found _culpable_ for the accident and faced legal consequences.
120
# Fill in the blank:
The scandal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the reputation of the company.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "lowered in quality or value".*
debased
## Footnote
*debase (dih-**base**)*
v. to corrupt or lower the value of
121
# Define:
decadent
| (**deck**-ih-dunt)
adj. in a state of decline
adj. self-indulgent
## Footnote
Louis XIV was known for his _decadent_ displays of wealth and power.
Prefix: *de-* (from Latin, meaning "down" or "away"), Root: *cad* (from Latin *cadere*, meaning "to fall")
122
# Define:
decorous
| (**dek**-core-us)
adj. conforming to what is acceptable to society
adj. marked by propriety and etiquette
## Footnote
One must always behave in a _decorous_ manner at formal events.
Root: *decor* (from Latin *decorus*, meaning "proper" or "becoming")
123
# Define:
decry
| (dih-**cry**)
v. to strongly disapprove of
## Footnote
The preacher _decried_ society's indifference towards the poor.
Prefix: *de-* (from Latin, meaning "down" or "away"), Root: *cry* (from Old French *crier*, meaning "to cry out")
124
# Define:
artless
| (**art**-liss)
adj. simple and natural
adj. unable to mask true feelings
adj. without artistic merit; crudely made
## Footnote
She had an _artless_ grace about her that endeared her to strangers.
Root: *art* (from Latin *ars*, meaning "skill" or "craft"), Suffix: *-less* (meaning "without")
125
# Define:
ascetic
| (uh-**set-**ik)
adj. relating to self-denial
n. a person who practices self-denial
## Footnote
The _ascetic_ monks rejected modern comforts such as electricity.
Root: *ascet* (from Greek *asketes*, meaning "monk" or "hermit")
126
# Define:
ascendant
| (uh-**sen**-dent)
adj. rising
adj. most powerful
n. a position of being dominant or in control
## Footnote
In this game, newcomers are _ascendant_ because of their youth.
Root: *ascend* (from Latin *ascendere*, meaning "to climb"), Suffix: *-ant* (used to form adjectives or nouns indicating an agent or something that performs the action)
127
# Define:
ascribe
| (uh-**scribe**)
v. to attribute or assign to a cause
## Footnote
Her success was _ascribed_ to the hours she had spent studying.
Prefix: *a-* (from Latin, meaning "to"), Root: *scribe* (from Latin *scribere*, meaning "to write")
128
# Define:
assiduous
| (uh-**sidj**-oo-us)
adj. making careful and persistent effort
## Footnote
John was an _assiduous_ student who always tried his best.
Prefix: *as-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to"), Root: *sid* (from Latin *sedere*, meaning "to sit"), Suffix: *-uous* (forming adjectives)
129
# Define:
assuage
| (uh-**swaydj**)
v. to relieve
## Footnote
Her anger was _assuaged_ by her friend's soothing words.
Prefix: *as-* (variant of *ad-*, from Latin, meaning "to"), Root: *suage* (from Latin *suavis*, meaning "sweet")
130
# Define:
astute
| (uh-**stewt**)
adj. having practical intelligence and good judgment
## Footnote
An _astute_ teacher always checks for plagiarism.
Root: *astut* (from Latin *astutus*, meaning "shrewd" or "crafty")
131
# Define:
suppliant
| (**suhp**-lee-uhnt)
adj. asking humbly, beseeching
n. a person who requests or begs
## Footnote
The boy was peering into the pet store window with the look of a _suppliant_ on his face.
Root: *suppli* (from Latin *supplicare*, meaning "to plead humbly"), Suffix: *-ant* (used to form adjectives or nouns indicating an agent or something that performs the action)
132
# Define:
atrophy
| (**at**-ruh-fee)
n. deterioration (esp. due to inactivity)
v. to deteriorate, to waste away (esp. due to inactivity)
## Footnote
The paralyzed patient began to show signs of _atrophy_ in his leg muscles.
Prefix: *a-* (from Greek, meaning "not" or "without"), Root: *troph* (from Greek *trophe*, meaning "nourishment")
133
# Define:
anosmia
| (an-**oz**-mee-uh)
n. loss of the sense of smell
## Footnote
Melissa has been afflicted with _anosmia_ since birth; she likes to say that sometimes it is a curse, and sometimes a blessing.
Prefix: *an-* (from Greek, meaning "without"), Root: *osmia* (from Greek *osme*, meaning "smell")
134
# Define:
austere
| (aw-**steer**)
adj. severe, strict, or very plain
## Footnote
The _austere_ room was anything but inviting.
Root: *auster* (from Greek *austeros*, meaning "harsh" or "severe")
135
# Define:
autonomous
| (aw-**tawn**-ih-muss)
adj. independent
## Footnote
The revolutionaries are fighting to make their country _autonomous_.
Prefix: *auto-* (from Greek, meaning "self"), Root: *nom* (from Greek *nomos*, meaning "law"), Suffix: *-ous* (forming adjectives)
136
# Define:
rapacious
| (ruh-**pey**-shuhs)
adj. voracious, greedy, plundering
## Footnote
The Vikings were _rapacious_ warriors.
Root: *rapac* (from Latin *rapax*, meaning "greedy"), Suffix: *-ious* (forming adjectives)
137
# Define:
avarice
| (**av**-uh-riss)
n. insatiable greed
## Footnote
The rich man's _avarice_ led him to buy up most of the neighborhood.
Root: *avar* (from Latin *avaritia*, meaning "greed")
138
# Define:
unflappable
| (uhn-**flap**-uh-buhl)
adj. not easily upset or excited (e.g., in a crisis)
## Footnote
The _unflappable_ hero maintained his level-headed mentality during the disaster.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not"), Root: *flap* (from Middle English *flappen*, meaning "to flap"), Suffix: *-able* (forming adjectives)
139
# Define:
aver
| (uh-**vurr**)
v. to declare as true
## Footnote
When interviewed, Susan's friends all _averred_ that she was a trustworthy person.
Prefix: *a-* (from Latin, meaning "to"), Root: *ver* (from Latin *verus*, meaning "true")
140
# Define:
emasculate
| (uh-**mass**-kyuh-leyt)
v. to castrate or make effeminate
v. to weaken
## Footnote
Wearing the frilly pink shirt made him feel _emasculated_.
Prefix: *e-* (from Latin, meaning "out"), Root: *mascul* (from Latin *masculus*, meaning "male"), Suffix: *-ate* (forming verbs)
141
# Name the vocab term:
adj. in a state of decline
adj. self-indulgent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
decadent
## Footnote
synonyms: decaying, hedonistic, luxurious, indulgent
The once-vibrant city now appeared _decadent_, with crumbling buildings and empty streets.
The _decadent_ lifestyle of the wealthy left them morally bankrupt.
142
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior at the formal event impressed the guests.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "proper and tasteful".*
decorous
## Footnote
*decorous (**dek**-core-us)*
adj. conforming to what is acceptable to society
adj. marked by propriety and etiquette
143
# Name the vocab term:
adj. to strongly disapprove of
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
decry
## Footnote
synonyms: denounce, deplore, condemn, criticize, vilify
The politician _decried_ the corruption in the system.
144
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ charm made her instantly likable.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "without deceit; natural".*
artless
## Footnote
*artless (**art**-liss)*
adj. simple and natural
adj. unable to mask true feelings
adj. without artistic merit; crudely made
145
# Name the vocab term:
adj. relating to self-denial; and
n. a person who practices self-denial
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
ascetic
## Footnote
synonyms: abstinent, restrained, austere, self-disciplined, rigorous
His _ascetic_ lifestyle was characterized by minimal possessions and strict routines.
The _ascetic_ devoted his life to meditation and reflection, seeking enlightenment through simplicity.
146
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sun signaled the start of a new day.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "rising in power or influence".*
ascendant
## Footnote
*ascendant (uh-**sen**-dent)*
adj. rising
adj. most powerful
n. a position of being dominant or in control
147
# Name the vocab term:
v. to attribute or assign to a cause
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
ascribe
## Footnote
synonyms: assign, appoint, accredit, attribute, impute
He _ascribed_ his success to hard work and determination.
148
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attention to detail ensured the project was flawless.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "showing great care and perseverance".*
assiduous
## Footnote
*assiduous (uh-**sidj**-oo-us)*
adj. making careful and persistent effort
149
# Name the vocab term:
v. to relieve
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
assuage
## Footnote
synonyms: soothe, alleviate, ease, calm, pacify
He tried to _assuage_ her guilt with comforting words.
150
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ observations helped the team solve the problem quickly.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "keenly perceptive or shrewd".*
astute
## Footnote
*astute (uh-**stewt**)*
adj. having practical intelligence and good judgment
151
# Name the vocab term:
adj. asking humbly, beseeching
n. a person who requests or begs
## Footnote
Hint: starts with "s"
suppliant
## Footnote
synonyms: begging; beggar, seeker, humble, beseeching, pleading, imploring
The _suppliant_ tone of her voice revealed her deep desire for help.
As a _suppliant_, he approached the council for assistance in his plight.
152
# Fill in the blank:
Muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can occur when a person is bedridden for an extended period.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "wasting away of body or abilities".*
atrophy
## Footnote
*atrophy (**at**-ruh-fee)*
n. deterioration (esp. due to inactivity)
v. to deteriorate, to waste away (esp. due to inactivity)
153
# Name the vocab term:
n. loss of the sense of smell
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
anosmia
## Footnote
synonyms: without smell, smell loss, olfactory loss
She was diagnosed with _anosmia_ after a severe illness.
154
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ decor of the room matched her minimalist lifestyle.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "severe or strict in manner".*
austere
## Footnote
*austere (aw-**steer**)*
adj. severe, strict, or very plain
155
# Name the vocab term:
adj. independent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
autonomous
## Footnote
synonyms: self-determining, independent, self-governing, sovereign, free, self-sufficient
The island nation remained _autonomous_ despite political pressures.
156
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ invaders took everything of value from the village.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "aggressively greedy".*
rapacious
## Footnote
*rapacious (ruh-**pey**-shuhs)*
adj. voracious, greedy, plundering
157
# Name the vocab term:
n. insatiable greed
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
avarice
## Footnote
synonyms: selfishness, ambition, greed, covetousness, insatiability, materialism
His _avarice_ led him to exploit his employees without remorse.
158
# Fill in the blank:
Even in the face of disaster, he remained \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and calm.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "u" and means "calm under pressure".*
unflappable
## Footnote
*unflappable (uhn-**flap**-uh-buhl)*
adj. not easily upset or excited (e.g., in a crisis)
159
# Name the vocab term:
v. to declare as true
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
aver
## Footnote
synonyms: affirm, assert, declare, state
She _averred_ her innocence during the trial.
160
# Fill in the blank:
The harsh criticism seemed to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his confidence in the project.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "weaken or deprive of strength".*
emasculate
## Footnote
*emasculate (uh-**mass**-kyuh-leyt)*
v. to castrate or make effeminate
v. to weaken
161
# Define:
dormant
| (**door-**munt)
adj. inactive for a period of time
## Footnote
The _dormant_ volcano erupted unexpectedly, injuring many.
Root: *dorm* (from Latin *dormire*, meaning "to sleep")
162
# Define:
recumbent
| (rih-**kuhm**-buhnt)
adj. leaning, lying down
## Footnote
He sat _recumbent_ on the picnic blanket.
Prefix: *re-* (meaning "back" or "again"), Root: *cumb* (from Latin *cumbere*, meaning "to lie down")
163
# Define:
dote
| (**dote**)
v. to show excessive affection
## Footnote
Her parents were strict but her grandparents always _doted_ on her and showered her with gifts.
Root: *dot* (from Middle English *doten*, meaning "to be foolish")
164
# Define:
frangible
| (**fran**-djuh-buhl)
adj. fragile; easily broken
## Footnote
The _frangible_ statue was accidently pushed over and shattered.
Root: *frang* (from Latin *frangere*, meaning "to break"), Suffix: *-ible* (meaning "capable of")
165
# Define:
dupe
| (**dewp**)
n. a person who is easily tricked
v. to deceive
## Footnote
The lying politician made those who had voted for him seem like _dupes_.
Root: *dup* (from French *dupe*, meaning "deceived person")
166
# Define:
magnanimous
| (mag-**nan**-uh-muhss)
adj. noble in spirit, generous in forgiving others
## Footnote
Susan's _magnanimous_ personality made her many life-long friends.
Prefix: *magn-* (from Latin *magnus*, meaning "great"), Root: *anim* (from Latin *animus*, meaning "mind" or "spirit"), Suffix: *-ous* (meaning "full of")
167
# Define:
ebb
| (**eb**)
v. to decrease or recede
n. a decline
n. the outward flow of the tide
## Footnote
Her affection for him began to _ebb_ a few days after the hasty wedding.
Root: *ebb* (from Old English *ebbian*, meaning "to recede")
168
# Define:
wizen
| (**wiz**-uhn)
adj. shriveled, wrinkled, or withered, as of with old age
## Footnote
A _wizened_ old man was walking through the park.
Root: *wiz* (from Middle English *wisen*, meaning "to dry up")
169
# Define:
countermand
| (koun-ter-**mand**)
v. to annul, cancel, make a contrary order
## Footnote
The general _countermanded_ his previous order to retreat, telling the men to march straight into battle.
Prefix: *counter-* (meaning "against"), Root: *mand* (from Latin *mandare*, meaning "to order")
170
# Define:
ebullient
| (ih-**buhl**-yunt)
adj. very excited; joyously enthusiastic
## Footnote
Linda was _ebullient_ when she made it into the semifinals.
Prefix: *e-* (meaning "out"), Root: *bull* (from Latin *bullire*, meaning "to boil"), Suffix: *-ient* (indicating an adjective form)
171
# Define::
apogee
| (**ap**-uh-djee)
n. the highest point, zenith
## Footnote
The _apogee_ of the roller coaster terrified even the most seasoned riders.
Prefix: *apo-* (from Greek, meaning "away from"), Root: *gee* (from Greek *gē*, meaning "earth")
172
# Define:
ecclesiastical
| (ih-klee-zee-**ass**-tih-kuhl)
adj. relating to the church
## Footnote
Mary decided to take up her _ecclesiastical_ concerns with the local priest.
Root: *ecclesi* (from Greek *ekklesia*, meaning "assembly"), Suffix: *-astical* (relating to or characteristic of)
173
# Define:
eclectic
| (ih-**klek**-tik)
adj. composed of parts from many different sources
## Footnote
The girl's fashion sense was an _eclectic_ mix of conservative Victorian and colorful modern styles.
Prefix: *ec-* (from Greek *ek*, meaning "out"), Root: *lect* (from Greek *legein*, meaning "to choose")
174
# Define:
edify
| (**ed**-ih-fahy)
v. to educate, instruct, or benefit, especially morally or spiritually; uplift
## Footnote
John attempted to _edify_ the impolite young man.
Root: *ed* (from Latin *aedificare*, meaning "to build"), Suffix: *-ify* (meaning "to make")
175
# Define:
efficacious
| (eff-ih-**kay**-shuss)
adj. producing or able to produce a desired result
## Footnote
The woman insisted that her herbal medicines would be the most _efficacious_ remedy for the young patient.
Root: *effic* (from Latin *efficere*, meaning "to accomplish"), Suffix: *-acious* (indicating having the quality of)
176
# Define:
puerile
| (**pyoo**-er-ill)
adj. childish, immature
## Footnote
The comedian had a _puerile_ sense of humor, invoking the bathroom in practically every joke.
Root: *puer* (from Latin *puer*, meaning "boy"), Suffix: *-ile* (indicating relating to or capable of)
177
# Define:
effrontery
| (ih-**frun**-tuh-ree)
n. unjustified arrogance or boldness
## Footnote
Although my sister had not invited me to her party, she had the _effrontery_ to ask me for help setting up.
Prefix: *ef-* (variant of *ex-*, meaning "out"), Root: *front* (from Latin *frons*, meaning "forehead" or "front")
178
# Define:
effusive
| (ih-**few**-siv)
adj. related to excessive or unchecked emotion; expressing feelings of gratitude
## Footnote
Susan's _effusive_ praise of Ramon's new car made him think that perhaps she didn't really like it.
Prefix: *ef-* (variant of *ex-*, meaning "out"), Root: *fus* (from Latin *fundere*, meaning "to pour"), Suffix: *-ive* (indicating having the nature of)
179
# Define:
tortuous
| (**tawr**-choo-uhs)
adj. winding, excessively complicated
## Footnote
The philosopher made a _tortuous_ argument that not many of his students followed.
Root: *tort* (from Latin *torquere*, meaning "to twist"), Suffix: *-uous* (indicating full of or having the quality of)
180
# Define:
debauchery
| (dih-**baw**-chuh-ree)
n. extreme sensual indulgence
## Footnote
The _debauchery_ in the movie was enough to make me blush.
Prefix: *de-* (indicating removal or reversal), Root: *bauch* (from Middle French *baucher*, meaning "to turn aside"), Suffix: *-ery* (indicating a practice or condition)
181
# Name the vocab term:
adj. inactive for a period of time
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
dormant
## Footnote
synonyms: inactive, sleeping, inoperative, latent, idle, resting
The volcano has been _dormant_ for centuries.
182
# Fill in the blank:
He remained \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on the couch, watching TV.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "lying down".*
recumbent
## Footnote
*recumbent (rih-**kuhm**-buhnt)*
adj. leaning, lying down
183
# Name the vocab term:
v. to show excessive affection
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
dote
## Footnote
synonyms: favor, cherish, adore, pamper
She couldn't help but _dote_ on her new puppy.
184
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ glass shattered upon impact.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "fragile or breakable".*
frangible
## Footnote
*frangible (**fran**-djuh-buhl)*
adj. fragile; easily broken
185
# Name the vocab term:
n. a person who is easily tricked
v. to deceive
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
dupe
## Footnote
synonyms: chump, sucker, victim, fool, gull
He was such a _dupe_, falling for every scam.
The con artist _duped_ him into giving away his money.
186
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gesture of forgiveness surprised everyone.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "generous and forgiving".*
magnanimous
## Footnote
*magnanimous (mag-**nan**-uh-muhss)*
adj. noble in spirit, generous in forgiving others
187
# Name the vocab term:
v. to decrease or recede
n. a decline
n. the outward flow of the tide
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
ebb
## Footnote
synonyms: subside; regression, decline, diminution, retreat
As the excitement began to _ebb_, the crowd slowly dispersed.
The _ebb_ of support left the candidate discouraged.
188
# Fill in the blank:
The once vibrant flowers began to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the heat.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "w" and means "to shrivel or dry up".*
wizen
## Footnote
*wizen (**wiz**-uhn)*
v. to shrivel, wrinkle, or wither, as of old age
189
# Name the vocab term:
v. to annul or cancel; to give a contrary order
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
countermand
## Footnote
synonyms: override, recall, revoke, rescind, retract
The general _countermanded_ the earlier attack order.
190
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ crowd cheered loudly for their team.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "cheerful and full of energy".*
ebullient
## Footnote
*ebullient (ih-**buhl**-yunt)*
adj. very excited; joyously enthusiastic
191
# Name the vocab term:
n. the highest point, zenith
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
apogee
## Footnote
synonyms: pinnacle, apex, summit, peak
The astronaut reached the _apogee_ of his career with the moon landing.
192
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ leaders gathered for the annual conference.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "relating to the church".*
ecclesiastical
## Footnote
*ecclesiastical (ih-klee-zee-**ass**-tih-kuhl)*
adj. relating to the church
193
# Name the vocab term:
adj. composed of parts from many different sources
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
eclectic
## Footnote
synonyms: heterogeneous, multifarious, varied, diverse
Her music taste is quite _eclectic_, ranging from classical to punk rock.
194
# Fill in the blank:
The speaker's words were meant to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the audience.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "to instruct morally or intellectually".*
edify
## Footnote
*edify (**ed**-ih-fahy)*
v. to educate, instruct, or benefit, especially morally or spiritually; uplift
195
# Name the vocab term:
adj. producing or able to produce a desired result
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
efficacious
## Footnote
synonyms: efficient, capable, effective, potent
The treatment was _efficacious_ in curing the disease.
196
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ jokes irritated everyone at the meeting.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "childishly silly".*
puerile
## Footnote
*puerile (**pyoo**-er-ill)*
adj. childish, immature
197
# Name the vocab term:
n. unjustified arrogance or boldness
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "e"*
effrontery
## Footnote
synonyms: audacity, impudence, brashness, insolence
He had the _effrontery_ to insult the host at the dinner party.
198
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ praise made everyone in the room uncomfortable.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "expressing feelings freely or unrestrainedly".*
effusive
## Footnote
*effusive (ih-**few**-siv)*
adj. related to excessive or unchecked emotion; expressing feelings of gratitude
199
# Name the vocab term:
adj. winding, excessively complicated
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tortuous
## Footnote
synonyms: ambiguous, convoluted, indirect, circuitous, twisted
The legal contract was so _tortuous_ that no one could understand it.
200
# Fill in the blank:
The party was known for its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and excess.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "excessive indulgence in pleasures".*
debauchery
## Footnote
*debauchery (dih-**baw**-chuh-ree)*
n. extreme sensual indulgence
