Advanced Vocab Words - Set 5 Flashcards
Learn to understand and effectively use 100 advanced vocabulary words. Improve your test scores, or simply be more articulate in your daily life. Each word is used in context in a sample sentence and includes synonyms and a pronunciation guide. (200 cards)
1
Q
Define:
obfuscate
(ob-fuh-skeyt)
A
v. to deliberately obscure, to make confusing, to bewilder
The governor obfuscated the issue with big words and numbers.
Prefix: ob- (from Latin, meaning “toward” or “against”); Root: fusc (from Latin fuscus, meaning “dark”)
2
Q
Define:
encomium
(en-koh-mee-uhm)
A
n. enthusiastic praise
That country’s national anthem is an encomium to the heroes of a war long past.
Prefix: en- (from Greek enkomion, meaning “in” or “within”); Root: komos (from Greek, meaning “celebration”)
3
Q
Define:
din
(din)
A
n. loud sustained noise, confusing or tumultuous sound
During the concert, Jill couldn’t hear Rick over the din of the loudspeakers.
Root: din (from Old English dyne, meaning “noise”)
4
Q
Define:
alloy
(n. al-oi; v. al-oi)
A
n. a mixture of superior and inferior ingredients
v. to debase by mixing with something inferior
The heroism one sees nowadays is often alloyed with some degree of self-interest.
Prefix: al- (from Latin ad-, meaning “to” or “toward”); Root: lig (from Latin ligare, meaning “to bind”)
5
Q
Define:
pugilism
(pyoo-djuh-liz-uhm)
A
n. the skill or practice of fighting with fists; boxing
Mike Tyson is known throughout the world for his pugilism.
Root: pugil (from Latin pugil, meaning “boxer”)
6
Q
Define:
sanctimony
(sangk-tuh-moh-nee)
A
n. self-righteousness, pretended piety, insincere holiness
His sanctimony was laughable, since we all knew he was one of the worst offenders.
Root: sanct (from Latin sanctus, meaning “holy”); Suffix: -mony (from Latin -monia, indicating a state or condition)
7
Q
Define:
baleful
(beyl-fuhl)
A
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
The basilisk’s baleful glare is lethal.
Root: bale (from Old English bealu, meaning “evil” or “harm”); Suffix: -ful (indicating “full of”)
8
Q
Define:
hallow
(hal-oh)
A
v. to set apart as holy, to sanctify
The site for the church was hallowed in a special ceremony.
Root: hallow (from Old English halgian, meaning “to make holy”)
9
Q
Define:
ostensible
(uh-sten-suh-buhl)
A
adj. apparent
adj. pretended
The oil spill was the ostensible result of lax safety regulations.
Root: ostens (from Latin ostendere, meaning “to show”); Suffix: -ible (indicating “capable of”)
10
Q
Define:
sinecure
(sahy-nih-kyoor)
A
n. a comfortable job requiring little work
Carolyn’s position in the office is a sinecure; she does nothing all day yet she draws the same salary as everyone else.
Prefix: sine- (from Latin, meaning “without”); Root: cura (from Latin, meaning “care”)
11
Q
Define:
lackey
(lak-ee)
A
n. a male servant, servile follower, toady
Lori’s boyfriend becomes a lackey during her shopping trips.
Root: lackey (from Middle French laquais, meaning “footman” or “servant”)
12
Q
Define:
redress
(ree-dress)
A
v. to set right, to remedy
n. compensation or restitution for a wrong
The peaceful petitioning for redress of wrongs is a right enshrined in our country’s founding document.
Prefix: re- (from Latin, meaning “again” or “back”); Root: dress (from Old French dresser, meaning “to arrange”)
13
Q
Define:
unctuous
(uhngk-choo-uhs)
A
adj. oily, greasy
adj. characterized by insincere earnestness
The king had the unctuous toady removed from his palace.
Root: unct (from Latin unctus, meaning “anointed”); Suffix: -uous (indicating “full of”)
14
Q
Define:
arrant
(ar-uhnt)
A
adj. impudent
adj. thorough, utter, complete
Though the professor is considered one of the greats of his discipline, lately his lectures have verged on arrant nonsense.
Root: arrant (from Old French errant, meaning “wandering”)
15
Q
Define:
vaunt
(vawnt)
A
v. to boast or brag about
Chris, though usually very modest, will readily vaunt his achievements in a job interview.
Root: vaunt (from Latin vanitare, meaning “to boast”)
16
Q
Define:
affectation
(af-ek-tey-shuhn)
A
n. a show or pretense
n. artificial behavior to impress others
That American doctor’s affectation of a British accent has drawn much criticism.
Prefix: af- (variant of ad-, from Latin, meaning “to”); Root: fect (from Latin facere, meaning “to do”); Suffix: -ation (indicating “action or process”)
17
Q
Define:
philately
(fih-lat-uhl-ee)
A
n. the study of postage stamps
His grandfather is obsessed with philately and has even made several overseas pen pals in order to study their countries’ postage.
Prefix: phil- (from Greek philos, meaning “loving”); Root: atel (from Greek ateleia, meaning “exemption from tax”)
18
Q
Define:
canonical
(kuh-non-ih-kuhl)
A
adj. in agreement with accepted principles
adj. authorized, accepted
The canonical Mozart sonatas were consulted in order to compare them to the newly-discovered manuscript attributed to him.
Root: canon (from Greek kanon, meaning “rule” or “standard”); Suffix: -ical (indicating “pertaining to”)
19
Q
Define:
whit
(wit)
A
n. the smallest possible part or fraction
The bank robber did not have a whit of self-respect.
Root: whit (from Old English hwit, meaning “a small amount”)
20
Q
Define:
epaulet
(ep-uh-let)
A
n. a shoulder ornament, esp. a strap on military uniforms
The veteran’s uniform was adorned by a pair of impressive epaulets.
Root: epaule (from French épaule, meaning “shoulder”); Suffix: -et (diminutive suffix indicating “small”)
21
Q
Name the vocab term:
v. to deliberately obscure, to make confusing, to bewilder
Hint: starts with “o”
A
obfuscate
synonyms: baffle, muddle, confound, cloud, confuse, bewilder
The lawyer tried to obfuscate the facts to confuse the jury.
22
Q
Fill in the blank:
The author received an ________ from critics praising her latest novel.
Hint: Starts with “e” and means “a speech or piece of writing that praises highly”.
A
encomium
encomium (en-koh-mee-uhm)
n. enthusiastic praise
23
Q
Name the vocab term:
n. loud, sustained noise, confusing or tumultuous sound
Hint: starts with “d”
A
din
synonyms: buzz, clamor, commotion, racket, uproar, cacophony
The din of the crowd made it difficult to hear the speaker.
24
Q
Fill in the blank:
Bronze is an ________ made from copper and tin.
Hint: Starts with “a” and means “a mixture of metals”.
A
alloy
alloy (n. al-oi; v. al-oi)
n. a mixture of superior and inferior ingredients
v. to debase by mixing with something inferior
25
# Name the vocab term:
n. the skill or practice of fighting with fists; boxing
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pugilism
## Footnote
synonyms: battle, sparring, duel, boxing, fisticuffs
His passion for _pugilism_ led him to become a champion boxer.
26
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was evident as she criticized others while ignoring her own faults.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "pretended holiness or righteousness".*
sanctimony
## Footnote
*sanctimony (**sangk**-tuh-moh-nee)*
n. self-righteousness, pretended piety, insincere holiness
27
# Name the vocab term:
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "b"*
baleful
## Footnote
adj. full of sinister influence, pernicious, ominous
The villain’s _baleful_ smile sent chills down her spine.
28
# Fill in the blank:
The community came together to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the new memorial.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "h" and means "to make holy or sacred".*
hallow
## Footnote
*hallow (**hal**-oh)*
v. to set apart as holy, to sanctify
29
# Name the vocab term:
adj. apparent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "o"*
ostensible
## Footnote
synonyms: exhibited, likely, manifest, seeming, purported
The _ostensible_ reason for his visit was to check on her, but he had another agenda.
30
# Fill in the blank:
After years of hard work, he finally landed a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that allowed him to relax.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "a job requiring little work but giving status or pay".*
sinecure
## Footnote
*sinecure (**sahy**-nih-kyoor)*
n. a comfortable job requiring little work
31
# Name the vocab term:
n. a male servant, servile follower, toady
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
lackey
## Footnote
synonyms: servant, butler, subordinate, sycophant, minion
He was treated like a _lackey_, always expected to run errands for his boss.
32
# Fill in the blank:
She sought to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the imbalance by addressing the unfair policies.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "to set right or remedy".*
redress
## Footnote
*redress (ree-**dress**)*
v. to set right, to remedy
n. compensation or restitution for a wrong
33
# Name the vocab term:
adj. oily, greasy
adj. characterized by insincere earnestness
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
unctuous
## Footnote
synonyms: fatty, slick; lying, untruthful, smooth, ingratiating
The chef used _unctuous_ olive oil to enhance the flavor of the dish.
His _unctuous_ compliments made her suspicious of his true intentions.
34
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ disregard for the rules resulted in severe consequences.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "complete or utter, often in a negative sense".*
arrant
## Footnote
*arrant (**ar**-uhnt)*
adj. impudent
adj. thorough, utter, complete
35
# Name the vocab term:
v. to boast, to brag
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vaunt
## Footnote
synonyms: flaunt, gloat, show off, proclaim
She loved to _vaunt_ her accomplishments at every opportunity.
36
# Fill in the blank:
Her British accent was an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ she adopted to appear more sophisticated.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "a" and means "artificial behavior to impress others".*
affectation
## Footnote
*affectation (af-ek-**tey**-shuhn)*
n. a show or pretense
n. artificial behavior to impress others
37
# Name the vocab term:
n. the study of postage stamps
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
philately
## Footnote
synonyms: study of stamps, stamp collecting, philatelic study
Her passion for _philately_ led her to collect rare stamps from around the world.
38
# Fill in the blank:
Her research follows \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ methods recognized by the scientific community.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "c" and means "accepted as standard or authoritative".*
canonical
## Footnote
*canonical (kuh-**non**-ih-kuhl)*
adj. in agreement with accepted principles
adj. authorized, accepted
39
# Name the vocab term:
n. the smallest possible part or fraction
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "w"*
whit
## Footnote
synonyms: atom, crumb, grain, iota, bit, fragment
There wasn’t a _whit_ of evidence to support his claims.
40
# Fill in the blank:
The soldier's uniform was adorned with gold \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ indicating his rank.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "ornamental shoulder piece on clothing".*
epaulet
## Footnote
*epaulet (**ep**-uh-let)*
n. a shoulder ornament, esp. a strap on military uniforms
41
# Define:
panoply
| (**pan**-uh-plee)
n. a splendid, striking array
n. the complete armory of a warrior
n. a shining protective array
## Footnote
A porcupine's _panoply_ of quills is quite a protective arsenal.
Prefix: *pan-* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"); Root: *hopla* (from Greek *hopla*, meaning "arms" or "armor")
42
# Define:
pantheon
| (**pan**-thee-on)
n. a temple dedicated to the gods
n. all the gods of a people
n. a group of famous persons
## Footnote
The Greek _pantheon_ includes Zeus and his consort, Hera.
Prefix: *pan-* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"); Root: *theos* (from Greek *theos*, meaning "god")
43
# Define:
blandish
| (**blan**-dish)
v. to coax or influence with flattery
## Footnote
Steve _blandished_ her into going out with him.
Root: *bland* (from Latin *blandus*, meaning "flattering" or "smooth")
44
# Define:
peremptory
| (puh-**remp**-tuh-ree)
adj. admitting of no contradiction; putting an end to further debate; haughty; imperious
## Footnote
He ended the discussion with a _peremptory_ wave of his hand.
Prefix: *per-* (from Latin *per*, meaning "thoroughly"); Root: *empt* (from Latin *emere*, meaning "to take")
45
# Define:
tyro
| (**tahy**-roh)
n. a beginner or novice in any kind of skill
## Footnote
The hapless _tyro_ tripped over the ropes on his way into the boxing ring.
Root: *tyro* (from Latin *tiro*, meaning "young soldier" or "novice")
46
# Define:
fetid
| (**fet**-id)
adj. malodorous, stinky
## Footnote
The _fetid_ green substance had taken over the entire fridge.
Root: *fet* (from Latin *fetere*, meaning "to stink")
47
# Define:
fecundity
| (fih-**kuhn**-dih-tee)
n. fertility, fruitfulness
## Footnote
An artist's period of _fecundity_ can come at any time of her life.
Root: *fecund* (from Latin *fecundus*, meaning "fruitful"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
48
# Define:
rarefied
| (**rair**-uh-fahyd)
adj. thin, pure, refined
## Footnote
The _rarefied_ air of higher altitudes makes it very difficult to climb Mt. Everest.
Root: *rare* (from Latin *rarus*, meaning "thin" or "sparse"); Suffix: *-fy* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to make")
49
# Define:
delectation
| (dee-lek-**tey**-shuhn)
n. enjoyment
## Footnote
They played wiffleball for the _delectation_ of it, not for the competition.
Root: *delect* (from Latin *delectare*, meaning "to delight"); Suffix: *-tion* (from Latin *-tionem*, indicating an action or process)
50
# Define:
fickle
| (**fick**-ul)
adj. prone to changing often
## Footnote
Suzanne was a _fickle_ friend who could not be relied upon.
Root: *fick* (from Old English *ficol*, meaning "deceitful" or "treacherous")
51
# Define:
fidelity
| (fih-**dell**-ih-tee)
n. devotion to obligations or loyalties
n. the accuracy of a reproduced sound or image
## Footnote
Kevin's parents were proud of him for his _fidelity_ to the family business.
Root: *fid* (from Latin *fides*, meaning "faith" or "trust"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
52
# Define:
fission
| (**fish**-un)
n. the act of separating into parts
## Footnote
The controversial legislation led to the _fission_ of the administration.
Root: *fiss* (from Latin *fissio*, meaning "a splitting"); Suffix: *-ion* (from Latin *-ionem*, indicating an action or process)
53
# Define:
flag
| (**flag**)
v. to become tired or weak
v. to droop or limp
## Footnote
The runner's enthusiasm _flagged_ when she realized she still had many miles ahead of her.
Root: *flag* (from Old Norse *flaga*, meaning "to droop" or "to hang loosely")
54
# Define:
florid
| (**floor**-id)
adj. healthy-looking
adj. ornate or flowery
## Footnote
The author's _florid_ prose did not impress the critics, who found her work pretentious.
Root: *flor* (from Latin *floridus*, meaning "flowery" or "flourishing")
55
# Define:
forbear
| (for-**bear**)
v. to refrain from doing something
## Footnote
Although I know Adam likes to crack jokes, I would have liked him to _forbear_ silliness in such a serious situation.
Prefix: *for-* (from Old English *forberan*, meaning "to endure"); Root: *bear* (from Old English *beran*, meaning "to carry" or "to bear")
56
# Define:
forestall
| (for-**stall**)
v. to deal with ahead of time; to prevent
## Footnote
The mayor called the police before the protest even began in order to _forestall_ rioting.
Prefix: *fore-* (from Old English *fore*, meaning "before"); Root: *stall* (from Old English *steall*, meaning "place" or "position")
57
# Define:
quail
| (**kweyl**)
v. to shrink with fear
## Footnote
The puppy _quailed_ at my angry tone.
Root: *quail* (from Middle English *quailen*, meaning "to waste away" or "to lose heart")
58
# Define:
forthright
| (**forth**-rahyt)
adj. straightforward
## Footnote
One should be _forthright_ and honest with the authorities so as not to seem suspicious.
Prefix: *forth-* (from Old English *forth*, meaning "forward"); Root: *right* (from Old English *riht*, meaning "straight" or "direct")
59
# Define:
fortuity
| (for-**too**-ih-tee)
n. an event that happens by chance without a known cause
n. luck
## Footnote
By sheer _fortuity_, Linda was assigned to the same homeroom as her twin brother.
Root: *fortu* (from Latin *fortuitus*, meaning "by chance"); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin *-itas*, indicating a state or condition)
60
# Define:
mince
| (**minss**)
v. to speak carefully; to euphemize
## Footnote
Don't _mince_ words with me; just say what you need to say!
Root: *minc* (from Old French *mincier*, meaning "to make small")
61
# Name the vocab term:
n. a splendid, striking array
n. the complete armory of a warrior
n. a shining protective array
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
panoply
## Footnote
synonyms: display, arrangement; armaments, array, equipment, ensemble
The museum featured a _panoply_ of historical artifacts from various cultures.
The knight's _panoply_ included an impressive array of armor and weapons.
62
# Fill in the blank:
The ancient Greeks built a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to honor their gods.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a group of important or famous people".*
pantheon
## Footnote
*pantheon (**pan**-thee-on)*
n. a temple dedicated to the gods
n. all the gods of a people
n. a group of famous persons
63
# Name the vocab term:
v. to coax or influence with flattery
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "b"*
blandish
## Footnote
synonyms: charm, flatter, cajole, sweet-talk
He tried to _blandish_ his way into a better deal with flattery.
64
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tone left no room for discussion.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "insisting on immediate obedience".*
peremptory
## Footnote
*peremptory (puh-**remp**-tuh-ree)*
adj. admitting of no contradiction; putting an end to further debate; haughty; imperious
65
# Name the vocab term:
n. a beginner or novice in any kind of skill
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tyro
## Footnote
synonyms: beginner, rookie, neophyte, fledgling
As a _tyro_ in the field, he was eager to learn from his peers.
66
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ odor from the garbage made the area unbearable.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "having a foul smell".*
fetid
## Footnote
*fetid (**fet**-id)*
adj. malodorous, stinky
67
# Name the vocab term:
n. fertility, fruitfulness
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fecundity
## Footnote
synonyms: abundance, productivity, richness, yield
The _fecundity_ of the land resulted in a bountiful harvest.
68
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ air at high altitudes can be challenging for climbers.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "distant from ordinary concerns; elevated".*
rarefied
## Footnote
*rarefied (**rair**-uh-fahyd)*
adj. thin, pure, refined
69
# Name the vocab term:
n. enjoyment
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "d"*
delectation
## Footnote
synonyms: delight, elation, pleasure, satisfaction
She read the novel with great _delectation_, savoring each chapter.
70
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature made it hard to rely on his commitments.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "changing frequently in loyalty or affection".*
fickle
## Footnote
*fickle (**fick**-ul)*
adj. prone to changing often
71
# Name the vocab term:
n. devotion to obligations or loyalties
n. the accuracy of a reproduced sound or image
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fidelity
## Footnote
synonyms: allegiance, faith, loyalty, constancy
Her _fidelity_ to her friends was unwavering, always standing by them in tough times.
The _fidelity_ of the sound system ensured that every note was reproduced accurately.
72
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the atom released a significant amount of energy.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "splitting into parts".*
fission
## Footnote
*fission (**fish**-un)*
n. the act of separating into parts
73
# Name the vocab term:
v. to become tired or weak
v. to droop or limp
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
flag
## Footnote
synonyms: droop, fade, wane, weaken, sink, decline
After hours of studying, he began to _flag_, struggling to keep his eyes open.
The flowers started to _flag_ in the heat without enough water.
74
# Fill in the blank:
The patient had a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ complexion, indicating good health.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "excessively ornate or flushed in complexion".*
florid
## Footnote
*florid (**floor**-id)*
adj. healthy-looking
adj. ornate or flowery
75
# Name the vocab term:
v. to refrain from doing something
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
forbear
## Footnote
synonyms: avoid, constrain, forgo, withhold, abstain
He decided to _forbear_ from commenting on the sensitive issue.
76
# Fill in the blank:
They tried to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ problems by addressing them early.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "to prevent or delay by taking action in advance".*
forestall
## Footnote
*forestall (for-**stall**)*
v. to deal with ahead of time; to prevent
77
# Name the vocab term:
v. to shrink with fear
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "q"*
quail
## Footnote
synonyms: recoil, cower, tremble, flinch
She began to _quail_ at the thought of public speaking.
78
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ manner made him a trusted advisor.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "direct and outspoken".*
forthright
## Footnote
*forthright (**forth**-rahyt)*
adj. straightforward
79
# Name the vocab term:
n. an event that happens by chance without a known cause
n. luck
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
fortuity
## Footnote
synonyms: accident; good fortune, coincidence, serendipity
The discovery of the rare artifact was a remarkable _fortuity_ during the excavation.
Winning the lottery was a stroke of _fortuity_ that changed his life.
80
# Fill in the blank:
He chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his words when discussing the sensitive topic.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "to soften or restrain words".*
mince
## Footnote
*mince (**minss**)*
v. to speak carefully; to euphemize
81
# Define:
visceral
| (**viss**-er-uhl)
adj. felt in one's stomach
adj. emotional, rather than intellectual
## Footnote
Jeb's _visceral_ response to his mother's racist ramblings was visible to all of us.
Root: *viscer* (from Latin *viscera*, meaning "internal organs")
82
# Define:
refectory
| (rih-**fek**-tuh-ree)
n. a room or dining area where meals are served
## Footnote
The students milled about the entrance to the _refectory_, counting down the seconds until supper would be served.
Root: *fect* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to make" or "to do"); Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "again" or "back")
83
# Define:
frenetic
| (fruh-**net**-ik)
adj. frenzied or frantic
## Footnote
_Frenetic_ screams filled the room as people tried to get out before the fire spread.
Root: *fren* (from Greek *phrenitis*, meaning "inflammation of the brain")
84
# Define:
infinitesimal
| (in-fin-ih-**tess**-uh-muhl)
adj. immeasurably small
## Footnote
The proportion of truly selfless people in this world is surely _infinitesimal_.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *finite* (from Latin *finis*, meaning "end" or "limit"); Suffix: *-esimal* (from Latin *-esimus*, meaning "hundredth")
85
# Define:
sanguine
| (**sang**-gwin)
adj. cheerfully optimistic; a blood-red color
## Footnote
Samantha had a _sanguine_ attitude towards life that enriched those around her.
Root: *sanguin* (from Latin *sanguis*, meaning "blood")
86
# Define:
furtive
| (**fur**-tiv)
adj. secretive, sly
## Footnote
At the party, Julia cast _furtive_ glances around the room to make sure her elder sister was not around to send her back home.
Root: *furt* (from Latin *furtivus*, meaning "stolen")
87
# Define:
calumny
| (**kal**-uhm-nee)
n. a false statement; slander, aspersion
## Footnote
The desperate candidate abandoned reasoned arguments and resorted to _calumnies_ against the front-runner.
Root: *calumn* (from Latin *calumnia*, meaning "false accusation")
88
# Define:
quotidian
| (kwoh-**tid**-ee-uhn)
adj. everyday, commonplace, habitual
## Footnote
Joe's small, _quotidian_ pleasures seemed more substantial than Mattias's high-profile jet-setting.
Root: *quot* (from Latin *quotidie*, meaning "every day")
89
# Define::
salacious
| (suh-**ley**-shuhs)
adj. causing sexual desire, bawdy
## Footnote
Many parents were unhappy with the magazine's _salacious_ material.
Root: *salac* (from Latin *salax*, meaning "lustful")
90
# Define:
importune
| (im-**pour**-chewn)
v. to beg persistently
## Footnote
Kate _importuned_ her father every day to teach her how to sail.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *port* (from Latin *portus*, meaning "harbor" or "haven")
91
# Define:
impregnable
| (im-**preg**-nuh-bul)
adj. able to withstand attack
## Footnote
The fortress was surrounded by a moat so as to make it _impregnable_.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *pregn* (from Latin *prehendere*, meaning "to seize"); Suffix: *-able* (from Latin, meaning "capable of")
92
# Define:
daft
| (**daft**)
adj. mad, crazy
adj. foolish
## Footnote
The _daft_ man was walking about the room conversing with himself.
93
# Define:
solemn
| (**sol**-uhm)
adj. deeply earnest, grave
adj. of a very serious nature; gloomy
## Footnote
Carter's _solemn_ voice made his family suspect that a tragedy had occurred.
Root: *solemn* (from Latin *sollemnis*, meaning "customary" or "ceremonial")
94
# Define:
impromptu
| (im-**promp**-too)
adj. spontaneously done without preparation
## Footnote
During a lull in the live broadcast, the host began an _impromptu_ dance number with some of the contestants.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *prompt* (from Latin *promptus*, meaning "ready")
95
# Define:
impudent
| (**im**-pyuh-dent)
adj. improperly disrespectful
## Footnote
The girl was forced to apologize in front of the class for her _impudent_ attitude towards her teachers.
Prefix: *im-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *pud* (from Latin *pudere*, meaning "to feel shame")
96
# Define:
bedizen
| (bih-**dahy**-zuhn)
v. to adorn, usually in a poorly conceived or tasteless manner
## Footnote
Paula was _bedizened_ with gaudy decorations.
Prefix: *be-* (from Old English, meaning "on all sides"); Root: *dizen* (from Middle Dutch *dijsen*, meaning "to dress")
97
# Define:
incense
| (in-**sense**)
v. to make angry
## Footnote
The class's behavior _incensed_ the teacher to the point that she gave them all extra homework.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *cens* (from Latin *incendere*, meaning "to set on fire")
98
# Define:
volition
| (voh-**lish**-uhn)
n. a conscious decision or the capability of choosing
n. willingness
## Footnote
Though his friends had egged him on, it was determined that Pat stole the sunglasses of his own _volition_.
Root: *vol* (from Latin *velle*, meaning "to wish")
99
# Define:
tamp
| (**tamp**)
v. to plug
v. to drive in or down by a series of blows
## Footnote
They _tamped_ down the soil around the base of the new sapling.
100
# Define:
steel
| (**steel**)
v. to make hard, strong or obdurate
v. to fill with determination
## Footnote
John realized that he would lose the chess match and _steeled_ himself for disappointment.
101
# Name the vocab term:
adj. felt in one's stomach
adj. emotional, rather than intellectual
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
visceral
## Footnote
synonyms: habitual, instinctive, inherent; affective, gut-level, intuitive
His _visceral_ reaction to the news was evident as he clutched his stomach in shock.
She had a _visceral_ response to the film that left her in tears.
102
# Fill in the blank:
The students gathered in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for their lunchtime meal.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "r" and means "a dining hall, especially in an institution".*
refectory
## Footnote
*refectory (rih-**fek**-tuh-ree)*
n. a room or dining area where meals are served
103
# Name the vocab term:
adj. frenzied or frantic
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "f"*
frenetic
## Footnote
synonyms: anxious, hysterical, rattled, chaotic, wild
The _frenetic_ pace of the city made it hard to relax.
104
# Fill in the blank:
The scientist measures the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ particles with great precision.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "extremely small".*
infinitesimal
## Footnote
*infinitesimal (in-fin-ih-**tess**-uh-muhl)*
adj. immeasurably smalladj. immeasurably small
105
# Name the vocab term:
adj. cheerfully optimistic
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
sanguine
## Footnote
synonyms: happy, cheerful, hopeful, buoyant
Despite the challenges ahead, she remained _sanguine_ about the future.
106
# Fill in the blank:
She cast a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ glance at the hidden documents on the table.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "f" and means "attempting to avoid notice; secretive".*
furtive
## Footnote
*furtive (**fur**-tiv)*
adj. secretive, sly
107
# Name the vocab term:
n. a false statement; slander, aspersion
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "c"*
calumny
## Footnote
synonyms: misrepresentations, slanderous, defamation, libel
The politician's career was ruined by a _calumny_ that spread quickly through the media.
108
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ routine included a morning jog and a cup of coffee.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "occurring daily; commonplace".*
quotidian
## Footnote
*quotidian (kwoh-**tid**-ee-uhn)*
adj. everyday, commonplace, habitual
109
# Name the vocab term:
adj. causing sexual desire, bawdy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
salacious
## Footnote
synonyms: erotic, lecherous, raunchy, lascivious, risqué
The novel was criticized for its _salacious_ content that appealed to base desires.
110
# Fill in the blank:
He would \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his friends for favors whenever he needed help.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "to persistently request".*
importune
## Footnote
*importune (im-**pour**-chewn)*
v. to beg persistently
111
# Name the vocab term:
adj. able to withstand attack
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
impregnable
## Footnote
synonyms: impenetrable, unassailable, invulnerable, secure
The fortress was built to be _impregnable_, with walls that could withstand any assault.
112
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ idea to swim in the icy lake in winter raised eyebrows.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "d" and means "silly or foolish".*
daft
## Footnote
*daft (**daft**)*
adj. mad, crazy
adj. foolish
113
# Name the vocab term:
adj. deeply earnest, grave
adj. of a very serious nature; gloomy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "s"*
solemn
## Footnote
synonyms: quiet, serious, grave, somber, earnest, thoughtful
The _solemn_ ceremony honored those who had sacrificed their lives.
His _solemn_ expression indicated he understood the seriousness of the situation.
114
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ speech he gave was surprisingly well-received.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "done without preparation".*
impromptu
## Footnote
*impromptu (im-**promp**-too)*
adj. spontaneously done without preparation
115
# Name the vocab term:
adj. improperly disrespectful
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
impudent
## Footnote
synonyms: cocky, insolent, overbearing, brazen, audacious
His _impudent_ remarks during the meeting shocked everyone.
116
# Fill in the blank:
She chose to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ herself in bright colors and flashy accessories.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "b" and means "to dress in a showy or tasteless way".*
bedizen
## Footnote
*bedizen (bih-**dahy**-zuhn)*
v. to adorn, usually in a poorly conceived or tasteless manner
117
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make angry
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
incense
## Footnote
synonyms: fire up, enrage, infuriate, provoke
The rude comment served to _incense_ her, making her visibly upset.
118
# Fill in the blank:
He made the decision of his own \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, choosing to pursue a different career path.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "v" and means "the power of choosing or willing".*
volition
## Footnote
*volition (voh-**lish**-uhn)*
n. a conscious decision or the capability of choosing
n. willingness
119
# Name the vocab term:
v. to plug
v. to drive in or down by a series of blows
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "t"*
tamp
## Footnote
synonyms: fill, jam; ram, butt, drive, pack, compress
She used a tool to _tamp_ the soil around the newly planted flowers.
He had to _tamp_ the stakes firmly into the ground to secure the tent.
120
# Fill in the blank:
He \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ himself for the difficult conversation ahead.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "s" and means "hardened oneself in preparation".*
steeled
## Footnote
*steel (**steel**)*
v. to make hard, strong or obdurate
v. to fill with determination
121
# Define:
gossamer
| (**goss**-uh-murr)
adj. delicate, insubstantial, flimsy
## Footnote
The _gossamer_ kite broke in two at the first gust of wind.
Root: *gos* (from Middle English *gos*, meaning "goose") and *somer* (from Middle English *somer*, meaning "summer")
122
# Define:
inimical
| (ih-**nim**-ih-kuhl)
adj. hostile, unfriendly
## Footnote
The Antarctic is _inimical_ to life.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *amic* (from Latin *amicus*, meaning "friend")
123
# Define:
vainglorious
| (veyn-**glawr**-ee-us)
adj. boastful of one's accomplishments or accolades; vain
## Footnote
Dave's _vainglorious_ attitude unfortunately overshadowed his considerable accomplishments.
Prefix: *vain-* (from Latin *vanus*, meaning "empty"), Root: *glor* (from Latin *gloria*, meaning "glory"), Suffix: *-ious* (from Latin, meaning "full of")
124
# Define:
pariah
| (puh-**rahy**-uh)
n. an outcast; a rejected or despised person
## Footnote
Alex left the party feeling like a _pariah_.
Root: *paraiyan* (from Tamil *paraiyan*, meaning "drummer")
125
# Define:
indelible
| (in-**del**-uh-buhl)
adj. impossible to remove or to forget
## Footnote
The memory of that day had become _indelible_ in his mind.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *del* (from Latin *delere*, meaning "to destroy"), Suffix: *-ible* (from Latin, meaning "able to")
126
# Define:
byzantine
| (**biz**-uhn-teen)
adj. complex, intricate, labyrinthine
## Footnote
The _byzantine_ rules of the card game confused everyone.
Root: *Byzantium* (from the ancient Greek city name Byzantion)
127
# Define:
inveigh
| (in-**vey**)
v. to attack verbally, to deprecate
## Footnote
The protesters were _inveighing_ against government policies.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "against"), Root: *veigh* (from Latin *vehere*, meaning "to carry")
128
# Define:
peccadillo
| (pek-uh-**dil**-oh)
n. slight infraction of rules, a minor sin
## Footnote
As a society, we tend to take our politicians to task over _peccadilloes_ while overlooking the failings of our political system as a whole.
Root: *peccare* (from Latin, meaning "to sin"), Suffix: *-illo* (diminutive suffix in Spanish, meaning "small")
129
# Define:
panegyric
| (pan-ih-**djirr**-ik)
n. a formal and elaborate public compliment; praise, laudation
## Footnote
The mayor extended a _panegyric_ to all of the citizens who were fighting overseas.
Root: *pan* (from Greek *pan*, meaning "all"), Root: *agyris* (from Greek *agyris*, meaning "assembly")
130
# Define:
quaff
| (**kwaf**)
v. to drink deeply; to intoxicate oneself with great enjoyment
## Footnote
He _quaffed_ the pint in a three hearty gulps.
131
# Define:
inchoate
| (in-**koe**-it)
adj. not fully formed
## Footnote
An _inchoate_ sense of duty is no substitute for a sober assessment of the hardships that lie ahead if you decide to follow your husband to his remote post.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *coh* (from Latin *cohum*, meaning "yoke")
132
# Define:
essay
| (n., **ess**-ey; v., ess-**ey**)
n. an attempt or trial
v. to test, try, experiment, investigate
## Footnote
My frequent _essays_ at piano playing have only met with failure.
Root: *essai* (from Old French, meaning "trial" or "attempt")
133
# Define:
incisive
| (in-**sahy**-siv)
adj. quick to understand or perceptive
adj. clearly expressed; decisive
## Footnote
The boy's _incisive_ mind allowed him to excel in all of his classes.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "into"), Root: *cis* (from Latin *caedere*, meaning "to cut"), Suffix: *-ive* (from Latin, meaning "having the nature of")
134
# Define:
incorrigible
| (in-**kor**-ih-juh-bull)
adj. unable to be corrected or reformed
## Footnote
_Incorrigible_ juvenile offenders are sent to a special program within the prison.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *corrig* (from Latin *corrigere*, meaning "to correct"), Suffix: *-ible* (from Latin, meaning "able to")
135
# Define:
inculcate
| (ing-**cull**-kate)
v. to teach by frequent repetition
## Footnote
Throughout the year, the faculty is expected to _inculcate_ the essentials of fire safety in the students.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "into"), Root: *culc* (from Latin *calcare*, meaning "to tread")
136
# Define:
indigenous
| (in-**didj**-ih-nuss)
adj. originating in a certain place
## Footnote
The Aborigines are a people _indigenous_ to Australia.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *gen* (from Latin *gignere*, meaning "to beget"), Suffix: *-ous* (from Latin, meaning "full of")
137
# Define:
indigent
| (**in**-dih-djunt)
adj. extremely poor
## Footnote
The organization's mission was to provide educational resources to _indigent_ women in various countries.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in"), Root: *dig* (from Latin *egere*, meaning "to need")
138
# Define:
indolent
| (**in**-dull-uhnt)
adj. habitually lazy
adj. causing little or no pain
## Footnote
The company's owner decided to fire the most _indolent_ workers first.
Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"), Root: *dol* (from Latin *dolere*, meaning "to feel pain"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
139
# Define:
redolent
| (**red**-uhl-uhnt)
adj. fragrant, suggestive, or evocative
## Footnote
The fraternity house was _redolent_ of stale beer and day-old pizza.
Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "again"), Root: *dol* (from Latin *olere*, meaning "to smell"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
140
# Define:
provident
| (**prov**-ih-duhnt)
adj. looking to the future
adj. frugal
## Footnote
The young couple's _provident_ financial planning was an asset to them later in life.
Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward"), Root: *vid* (from Latin *videre*, meaning "to see"), Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, meaning "being")
141
# Name the vocab term:
adj. delicate, insubstantial, flimsy
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "g"*
gossamer
## Footnote
synonyms: thin, delicate, light, fragile, airy, ethereal
The _gossamer_ fabric of her dress fluttered in the breeze.
142
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ comments from the critics hurt the artist deeply.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "harmful or hostile".*
inimical
## Footnote
*inimical (ih-**nim**-ih-kuhl)*
adj. hostile, unfriendly
143
# Name the vocab term:
adj. boastful of one's accomplishments or accolades; vain
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "v"*
vainglorious
## Footnote
synonyms: immodest, self-absorbed, conceited, narcissistic
His _vainglorious_ speech about his achievements bored the audience.
144
# Fill in the blank:
After the scandal, he became a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in his community.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "an outcast".*
pariah
## Footnote
*pariah (puh-**rahy**-uh)*
n. an outcast; a rejected or despised person
145
# Name the vocab term:
adj. impossible to remove or to forget
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
indelible
## Footnote
synonyms: enduring, lasting, unforgettable, permanent, ineradicable
The _indelible_ memories of her childhood shaped who she became.
146
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ regulations made it difficult for small businesses to operate.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "b" and means "overly complicated or secretive".*
byzantine
## Footnote
*byzantine (**biz**-uhn-teen)*
adj. labyrinthine, complex. intricate
147
# Name the vocab term:
v. to attack verbally, deprecate
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inveigh
## Footnote
synonyms: remonstrate, lambaste, berate, rail against
He began to _inveigh_ against the new policies during the meeting.
148
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of forgetting to RSVP was forgiven by his friends.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a minor offense".*
peccadillo
## Footnote
*peccadillo (pek-uh-**dil**-oh)*
n. slight infraction of rules, a minor sin
149
# Name the vocab term:
n. a formal and elaborate public compliment; praise, laudation
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
panegyric
## Footnote
synonyms: flattery, compliment, credit, tribute, eulogy
The mayor delivered a _panegyric_ in honor of the retiring teacher.
150
# Fill in the blank:
After a long day, he \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a cold beer on the porch.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "q" and means "drank heartily".*
quaffed
## Footnote
*quaff (**kwaf**)*
v. to drink deeply; to intoxicate oneself with great enjoyment
151
# Name the vocab term:
adj. not fully formed
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inchoate
## Footnote
synonyms: undeveloped, beginning, elementary, nascent, rudimentary
The _inchoate_ idea needed more development before it could be presented.
152
# Fill in the blank:
His first \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at painting was filled with bold colors and energy.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "e" and means "to attempt or try".*
essay
## Footnote
*essay (n., **ess**-ey; v., ess-**ey**)*
n. an attempt or trial
v. to test, try, experiment, investigate
153
# Name the vocab term:
adj. quick to understand or perceptive
adj. clearly expressed; decisive
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
incisive
## Footnote
synonyms: intelligent, quick; clear-cut, shrewd, sharp
Her _incisive_ comments during the discussion highlighted her deep understanding of the topic.
The CEO's _incisive_ speech laid out the company's vision with clarity.
154
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior in school led to multiple suspensions.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "incapable of being corrected".*
incorrigible
## Footnote
*incorrigible (in-**kor**-ih-juh-bull)*
adj. unable to be corrected or reformed
155
# Name the vocab term:
v. to teach by frequent repetition
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
inculcate
## Footnote
synonyms: communicate, drill, instill, impart, indoctrinate
The teacher aimed to _inculcate_ good study habits in her students.
156
# Fill in the blank:
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures of the region have rich traditions and histories.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "native to a particular region".*
indigenous
## Footnote
*indigenous (in-**didj**-ih-nuss)*
adj. originating in a certain place
157
# Name the vocab term:
adj. extremely poor
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "i"*
indigent
## Footnote
synonyms: destitute, impoverished, needy, penniless
The charity provides support for _indigent_ families in the community.
158
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attitude made it difficult for him to meet deadlines.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "i" and means "habitually lazy".*
indolent
## Footnote
*indolent (**in**-dull-uhnt)*
adj. habitually lazy
adj. causing little or no pain
159
# Name the vocab term:
adj. fragrant, suggestive or evocative
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "r"*
redolent
## Footnote
synonyms: aromatic, imbued with, scented, perfumed
The garden was _redolent_ with the scent of blooming flowers.
160
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature led her to save money for emergencies.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "careful in providing for the future".*
provident
## Footnote
*provident (**prov**-ih-duhnt)*
adj. looking to the future
adj. frugal
161
# Define:
untoward
| (uhn-**tawrd**)
adj. troublesome, unruly, adverse, or indecent
## Footnote
This is not the first time I have noted _untoward_ similarities between those two students' papers.
Prefix: *un-* (meaning "not" or "opposite of")
162
# Define:
paean
| (**pee**-uhn)
n. a song or expression of joy or praise
## Footnote
After their country won the World Cup, the band wrote a _paean_ to the national team that became a Top 20 hit.
Root: *paean* (from Greek *paian*, meaning "hymn of praise")
163
# Define:
aspersion
| (uh-**spur**-zhuhn)
n. the act of defamation or maligning; a derogatory remark
## Footnote
The _aspersions_ cast by his political opponent took weeks to eradicate.
Root: *sperse* (from Latin *spargere*, meaning "to scatter")
164
# Define:
lucid
| (**lue**-sid)
adj. easy to understand
adj. transparent (permitting light to pass through)
adj. having a clear mind
## Footnote
The artist was unable to express his abstract ideas in a _lucid_ manner.
Root: *luc* (from Latin *lucidus*, meaning "light" or "clear")
165
# Define:
luminous
| (**lue**-muh-nus)
adj. emitting light; bright
adj. enlightening
## Footnote
My friend raves about this "_luminous_" collection of poems, though I didn't think it was particularly insightful.
Root: *lumin* (from Latin *luminare*, meaning "to light up")
166
# Define:
luxuriant
| (lug-**zhure**-ee-unt)
adj. growing in extreme abundance
adj. luxurious and complexly detailed
## Footnote
Anne's _luxuriant_ garden was considered the nicest in the neighborhood.
Root: *lux* (from Latin *luxus*, meaning "excess")
167
# Define:
malevolent
| (muh-**lev**-uh-lunt)
adj. wishing evil on others
## Footnote
The _malevolent_ old woman was always trying to make her neighbors miserable.
Prefix: *mal-* (meaning "bad" or "evil"), Root: *vol* (from Latin *velle*, meaning "to wish")
168
# Define:
manifest
| (**man**-ih-fest)
n. a list of the people aboard a ship or plane
adj. clearly apparent
v. to exhibit a quality
## Footnote
Linda's laziness was _manifest_ in the messy state of her apartment.
Root: *manu* (from Latin *manus*, meaning "hand"), Root: *fest* (from Latin *festus*, meaning "struck")
169
# Define:
mannered
| (**man**-urd)
adj. artificial or affected
## Footnote
The pretentious socialite had a _mannered_ way of speaking that did not impress many of her peers.
Root: *manner* (from Old French *maniere*, meaning "way" or "style")
170
# Define:
mantle
| (**man**-tul)
n. a covering or concealing object
n. a symbol of power or duty
## Footnote
Amid the spate of resignations at town hall, the untested woman was forced to accept the _mantle_ of leadership as the town's youngest mayor ever.
Root: *mantle* (from Latin *mantellum*, meaning "cloak")
171
# Define:
mar
| (**mar**)
v. to make imperfect
n. a mark that damages the appearance of something
## Footnote
Although entertaining and well-written, the screenplay was _marred_ by its dependence on stereotypes instead of well-developed characters.
Root: *mar* (from Old English *merran*, meaning "to hinder" or "to damage")
172
# Define:
martinet
| (mar-tih-**net**)
n. one who demands strict adherence to rules
## Footnote
The nanny was hired for the unruly children because of her reputation as a _martinet_ who would be sure to keep them in line.
Root: *martinet* (from the name of Jean Martinet, a strict drillmaster)
173
# Define:
matrix
| (**may**-tricks)
n. a place in which something originates or develops
## Footnote
This computer program is the _matrix_ for the movie's digital art.
Root: *matr* (from Latin *matrix*, meaning "womb" or "source")
174
# Define:
palette
| (**pal**-it)
n. a board used by artists to mix paint colors
n. a range of colors
## Footnote
The poor artist managed to make an interesting piece with a _palette_ of only black and white.
Root: *pale* (from Latin *pala*, meaning "shovel" or "spade")
175
# Define:
paradigm
| (**pair**-ih-dahym)
n. a standard example
n. a pattern or model
## Footnote
He used the Civil War as a historical _paradigm_ to support his point.
Root: *para* (from Greek *para*, meaning "beside"), Root: *deik* (from Greek *deiknynai*, meaning "to show")
176
# Define:
paramount
| (**pair**-ih-mount)
adj. most important
## Footnote
Educational reform was a _paramount_ issue for both mayoral candidates.
Prefix: *para-* (meaning "beyond"), Root: *mount* (from Latin *mons*, meaning "mountain")
177
# Define:
parch
| (**parch**)
v. to make dry
v. to make thirsty
## Footnote
The sun's intense heat _parched_ the ground and wilted the leaves on the trees.
Root: *parch* (from Middle English *perchen*, meaning "to dry")
178
# Define:
parsimonious
| (par-suh-**moh**-nee-us)
adj. frugal; cheap
## Footnote
Her aunt was too _parsimonious_ to chip in for the family's annual reunion.
Root: *pars* (from Latin *parsimonia*, meaning "frugality")
179
# Define:
pathology
| (pah-**thol**-uh-djee)
n. the study of disease
n. a disease's progression or manifestation
## Footnote
An oncologist concerns herself with the _pathology_ of cancer.
Root: *path* (from Greek *pathos*, meaning "suffering" or "disease"), Suffix: *-logy* (meaning "study of")
180
# Define:
paucity
| (**paw**-suh-tee)
n. a small amount
## Footnote
The _paucity_ of resources meant the film had to be made with unpaid actors and few crew members.
Root: *pauc* (from Latin *paucus*, meaning "few")
181
# Name the vocab term:
adj. troublesome, unruly, adverse, or indecent
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "u"*
untoward
## Footnote
synonyms: problematic, objectionable, inappropriate, difficult
His _untoward_ behavior at the party caused discomfort among the guests.
182
# Fill in the blank:
The choir sang a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to celebrate the community's achievements.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a song or expression of praise".*
paean
## Footnote
*paean (**pee**-uhn)*
n. a song or expression of joy or praise
183
# Name the vocab term:
n. the act of defamation or maligning; derogatory remark
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "a"*
aspersion
## Footnote
synonyms: abuse, belittlement, slander, disparagement
Her comments were not just criticism; they were an _aspersion_ on his character.
184
# Fill in the blank:
His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ explanation made the complex topic accessible to everyone.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "l" and means "clear and easy to understand".*
lucid
## Footnote
*lucid (**lue**-sid)*
adj. easy to understand
adj. transparent (permitting light to pass through)
adj. having a clear mind
185
# Name the vocab term:
adj. emitting light; bright
adj. enlightening
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "l"*
luminous
## Footnote
synonyms: glowing, edifying, radiant, brilliant
The _luminous_ stars filled the night sky with their glow.
The lecture was not only informative but also _luminous_ in its insights.
186
# Fill in the blank:
The garden was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ display of flowers and foliage, delighting every visitor.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "l" and means "abundant and rich in growth".*
luxuriant
## Footnote
*luxuriant (lug-**zhure**-ee-unt)*
adj. growing in extreme abundance
adj. luxurious and complexly detailed
187
# Name the vocab term:
adj. wishing evil on others
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
malevolent
## Footnote
synonyms: hateful, malicious, malignant, spiteful, vindictive
His _malevolent_ glare sent chills down her spine.
188
# Fill in the blank:
The captain checked the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to ensure all passengers were accounted for.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "clear, obvious, or an official passenger or cargo list".*
manifest
## Footnote
*manifest (**man**-ih-fest)*
n. a list of the people aboard a ship or plane
adj. clearly apparent
v. to exhibit a quality
189
# Name the vocab term:
adj. artificial or affected
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
mannered
## Footnote
synonyms: unnatural, stilted, affected, contrived
His _mannered_ speech made him seem insincere and pretentious.
190
# Fill in the blank:
He took on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of leadership with great responsibility.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "a cloak or a role of responsibility".*
mantle
## Footnote
*mantle (**man**-tul)*
n. a covering or concealing object
n. a symbol of power or duty
191
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make imperfect
n. a mark that damages the appearance of something
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
mar
## Footnote
synonyms: hurt, blemish, ruin, deface, spoil
The scratches on the surface will _mar_ the beauty of the table.
The small _mar_ on the painting was hardly noticeable but still bothered her.
192
# Fill in the blank:
The teacher was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, enforcing rules with an iron fist.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "m" and means "a strict disciplinarian".*
martinet
## Footnote
*martinet (mar-tih-**net**)*
n. one who demands strict adherence to rules
193
# Name the vocab term:
n. a place in which something originates or develops
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "m"*
matrix
## Footnote
synonyms: forge, source, origin, framework, environment
The _matrix_ of the organization fosters innovation and creativity.
194
# Fill in the blank:
The artist's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was filled with vibrant hues.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "a range of colors used by an artist".*
palette
## Footnote
*palette (**pal**-it)*
n. a board used by artists to mix paint colors
n. a range of colors
195
# Name the vocab term:
n. a standard example
n. a pattern or model
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
paradigm
## Footnote
synonyms: archetype, template, model, example
The new research provides a _paradigm_ for understanding climate change.
The shift in the company's _paradigm_ allowed for greater flexibility.
196
# Fill in the blank:
Safety is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in any construction project.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "more important than anything else".*
paramount
## Footnote
*paramount (**pair**-ih-mount)*
adj. most important
197
# Name the vocab term:
v. to make dry
v. to make thirsty
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
parch
## Footnote
synonyms: dehydrate, dry, evaporate, desiccate, wither
The hot sun will quickly _parch_ the landscape.
The long hike through the desert began to _parch_ his throat.
198
# Fill in the blank:
Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature made her hesitant to spend money on luxuries.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "unwilling to spend money".*
parsimonious
## Footnote
*parsimonious (par-suh-**moh**-nee-us)*
adj. frugal; cheap
199
# Name the vocab term:
n. the study of disease
n. a disease's progression or manifestation
## Footnote
*Hint: starts with "p"*
pathology
## Footnote
synonyms: disease science, medicine, epidemiology
_Pathology_ plays a crucial role in diagnosing medical conditions.
The _pathology_ of the disease can vary significantly between patients.
200
# Fill in the blank:
There was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of evidence to support his claims.
## Footnote
***Hint:*** *Starts with "p" and means "scarcity or smallness of number".*
paucity
## Footnote
*paucity (**paw**-suh-tee)*
n. a small amount
