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Y1 Respiratory > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract consists of… (4)

A

R and L nasal cavities
Oral cavity
naso, oro, laryngopharynx
larynx

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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract consists of…(6)

A 
trachea
R and L main bronchi
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
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3
Q

Which parts of the LRT are located in the lungs?

A

lobar bronchi –> alveoli

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4
Q

What happens at the level of C6 vertebrae?

A

larynx becomes trachea

pharynx becomes oesophagus

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5
Q

The trachea can be palpated at the _______ notch of the ________

A

jugular, manubrium

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6
Q

The isthmus of the thyroid gland is anterior to tracheal cartilages _____

A

2 -4

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7
Q

What are the functions of the chest walls? (3)

A

protect the heart and lungs
make the movements of breathing
breast tissue - lactation

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8
Q

Layers of the chest wall (5)

A 
skin
fascia
skeletal muscle
bones/joints
parietal pleura
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9
Q

The chest cavity consists of the mediastinum and the R and L pleural cavities - true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

During development the lung bud penetrates the pleural cavity - true or false?

A

false

the lung bud pushes against but never enters the pleural cavity

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11
Q

Where does the lung bud originate from?

A

the mediastinum

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12
Q

Development of the lung bud into the pleural area causes the development of a ______ and _______ pleura

A

visceral, parietal

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13
Q

The parietal pleura is the part which attaches to the….

A

chest wall

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14
Q

The visceral pleura is the part which attaches to the…

A

lung

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15
Q

The pleural fluid does two things, these are?

A

act as a lubricant

create surface tension

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16
Q

What does the pleural surface tension ensure?

A

the lungs move with the pleural fluid and thus inflate

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17
Q

number of bronchopulmonary segments in each lung

A

10

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18
Q

number of lobar bronchi

A

5

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19
Q

Each bronchopulmonary segment has its own nerve and blood supply - true or false?

A

true

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20
Q

Name the lobes and fissures of the lungs

A

R - superior lobe, inferior lobe, middle lobe
horizontal and oblique fissure
L - superior and inferior lobe
oblique fissure

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21
Q

The true ribs are ribs 1-8 - true or false?

A

false

the true ribs are ribs 1-7

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22
Q

How are the true ribs identified?

A

they attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

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23
Q

The false ribs are ribs 8-10 - true or false

A

true

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24
Q

How are the false ribs identified?

A

attach via a common cartilaginous bar

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25
Q

ribs 11 and 12

A

floating ribs with no attachment to sternum

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26
Q

Parts of the thoracic skeleton (6)

A 
12 pairs ribs
intercostal spaces
costal margin
12 thoracic vertebrae
clavicle and scapula
sternum
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27
Q

Parts of the sternum (4)

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid
sternal angle

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28
Q

what does the costal groove of the rib contain?

A

artery, nerve and vein

29
Q

Where does the rib articulate with the vertebrae?

A

superior vertebrae body, vertebrae body of same number, transverse process of vertebrae

30
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae?

A

the tubercle

31
Q

synovial joint in the resp. area?

A

sternocostal joint

32
Q

A synovial joint is…

A

a fibrous joint

33
Q

costovertebral joints are found anteriorly - true or false?

A

false

they are found posteriorly - rib articulation with vertebrae

34
Q

3 layers of skeletal muscles between ribs and intercostal spaces?

A

external
internal
innermost

35
Q

main muscle of breathing

A

diaphragm

36
Q

13 pairs of intercostal spaces - true or false?

A

false - 11 pairs

37
Q

Each intercostal space carries a neurovascular bundle between the ______ and _______ muscle layers

A

internal and innermost

38
Q

the nerve supply comes from the ______ ramus of the spinal nerve

A

anterior

39
Q

The posterior blood supply to the intercostal spaces come from…

A

arterial - thoracic aorta

venous - azygous vein

40
Q

The anterior blood supply to the intercostal spaces comes from…

A

the internal thoracic arteries and veins

41
Q

the thoracic arteries and veins course (vertically/horizontally) either side of the deep surface of the sternum

A

vertically

42
Q

3 openings in the diaphragm to allow which three things to pass through?

A

aorta, IVC, oesophagus

43
Q

the diaphragm has a __- shaped tendon

A

U

44
Q

why is the right dome of the diaphragm generally more superior?

A

due to the presence of liver in RUQ

45
Q

The diaphragm is an example of ______ muscle

A

skeletal

46
Q

nerve that controls the diaphragm

A

phrenic

47
Q

the phrenic nerve originates from…

A

Cervical vertebra 3,4,5 anterior rami

48
Q

The muscular attachments of the diaphragm are…(3)

A

the sternum (lower body)
the lower six ribs (7-12)
L1-3 vertebral bodies

49
Q

the phrenic nerves are found on the anterior surface of _______ _______ in the neck

A

scalenus muscle

50
Q

the phrenic nerves are found in the chest descending over the ______ aspects of the heart

A

lateral

51
Q

The phrenic nerves supply somatic sensory and sympathetic axons to the ______ and ______ ________

A

diaphragm and fibrous pericardium

52
Q

The phrenic nerves supply what sort of axons to the diaphragm and fibrous pericardium

A

somatic sensory and sympathetic

53
Q

Where are somatic motor axons supplied to by phrenic nerves?

A

diaphragm

54
Q

Nerve supply of the intercostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves from the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

55
Q

Origin of the thoracic artery (internal mammary)

A

branch off the subclavian artery

56
Q

The thoracic artery supplies the _______ parts of the intercostal spaces, supplying the skin, _____, muscles, _____ and _______ pleura of the intercostal space

A

anterior, fascia, bone, parietal

57
Q

Clinical application of the thoracic artery

A

can be mobilised from its attachment, sectioned inferiorly and anastomosed to a coronary artery distal to an occlusion.
Coronary artery bypass grafting

58
Q

Origins of the diaphragm

A

deep surfaces of

  1. xiphoid process
  2. costal cartilages and lower ribs
  3. L1-3 vertebrae
59
Q

Insertion of the diaphragm

A

central tendon - aponeurosis

60
Q

Openings in the diaphragm

A

caval opening (IVC)
aortic hiatus
oesophageal hiatus

61
Q

aortic hiatus

A

thoracic aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

62
Q

insertion of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles

A

aponeurosis to linea albal

63
Q

Origin of external oblique

A

superficial aspect of ribs
iliac crest
pubic tubercle

64
Q

Origins of internal oblique

A

inferior aspect of ribs
iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia

65
Q

Origins of transversus abdominus

A

deep aspect of ribs
iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia

66
Q

origins of rectus abdominus

A

costal cartilage

xiphoid process

67
Q

Insertion of rectus abdominus

A

pubic bones

68
Q

Nerve supply to abdominal muscles

A

thoracoabdominal nerves

Y1 Respiratory (20 decks)

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