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Pediatrics > Bowel Elimination/GI Disorders > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination/GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth

A

highly vascular

entry point of infection

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2
Q

Esophagus

A

LES not fully developed until age 1, causing regurgitation

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3
Q

What is the stomach capacity of a newborn?

A

10-20 mL

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4
Q

Biliary System

A

liver relatively large at birth

pancreatic enzymes develop postnatally until around 2 yrs

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5
Q

Palpable kidney’s may indicate what?

A

tumor or hydronephrosis

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6
Q

Right lower quadrant pain and rebound tenderness may indicate?

A

appendicitis

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7
Q

What is the most common result of GI illness?

A

dehydration

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8
Q

What tests are necessary in many pediatric GI disorders?

A

monitoring the blood count, electrolyte levels, and liver function tests

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9
Q

Lab/Diagnostic Tests for Appendicitis

A
  • CT scan

- C-reactive protein

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10
Q

How often is an ostomy pouch changed?

A

q 1-4 days

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11
Q

How to change an ostomy pouch?

A
  • set up equipment
  • take off pouch
  • observe stoma and surrounding skin, clean as needed
  • measure stoma, mark new pouch backing and cut new backing to size
  • apply new pouch
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12
Q

Structural Anomalies of the GI Tract

A
  • cleft lip and palate
  • omphalocele
  • gastroschisis
  • hernias
  • anorectal malformation
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13
Q

Anomalies associated w/ Cleft Palate

A
  • heart defect
  • ear malformations
  • skeletal deformities
  • genitourinary abnormality
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14
Q

Complications w/ Cleft Palate

A
  • feeding difficulties
  • altered dentition
  • delayed or altered speech development
  • otitis media
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15
Q

Nursing Management for Cleft Palate Repair

A
  • prevent injury to suture line
  • promote adequate hydration
  • encourage bonding
  • provide emotional support
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16
Q

S/S of Meckel Diverticulum

A
  • bleeding, anemia
  • colicky abdominal pain
  • abdominal distention
  • hypoactive bowel sounds
  • guarding
  • abdominal mass
  • rebound tenderness
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17
Q

Management for Meckel Diverticulum

A
  • administer ordered blood products and IV fluids
  • maintain NPO status
  • perform postop care and family ed
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18
Q

Acute GI Disorders

A
  • dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
  • oral candidiasis/lesions
  • hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
  • necrotizing enterocolitis
  • intussusception, malrotation, volvulus
  • appendicitis
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19
Q

Risk Factors for Dehydration

A
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • decreased oral intake
  • sustained high fever
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • extensive burns
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20
Q

What fluids are NOT appropriate for oral rehydration?

A
  • tap water
  • milk
  • undiluted fruit juice
  • soup/broth
21
Q

Children w/ mild to moderate dehydration require how much fluid?

A

50-100 mL/kg over 4 hours

22
Q

Oral rehydration solutions should contain what?

A

75 mmol/L sodium chloride and 13.5 g/L glucose

23
Q

What to do for dehydration r/t vomiting?

A
  • wait 1-2 hours after emesis
  • give 0.5-2 oz to infant q 15 minutes
  • increase as tolerated
24
Q

Homemade oral rehydration solution

A

1 qt water, 8 tsp sugar, and 1 tsp salt

25
Q

What alternative ORS are safe to use in children over 2 for vomiting?

A
  • ginger capsules
  • candied ginger
  • ginger tea
26
Q

Risk Factors for Oral Candidiasis

A
  • young age
  • immune suppression
  • antibiotic use
  • corticosteroid inhalers
  • fungal infection in mother
27
Q

Medication Therapy for Oral Candidiasis

A

appropriate administration of oral antifungal agents by administering Mycostatin suspension 4 times per day following feeding to allow meds to maintain contact w/ lesions

28
Q

Imperforate Anus

A

congenital malformation of the anorectal opening

29
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

circular muscle of the pylorus becomes hypertrophied, causing thickness in the luminal side of the pyloric canals

30
Q

What is one of the most common conditions requiring surgery in the first 2 months of life?

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

31
Q

What is performed by cutting the muscle of the pylorus and relieve the gastric outlet obstruction?

A

Pyloromyotomy

32
Q

Intussusception

A

a process that occurs when a proximal segment of bowel “telescopes” into a more distal segment causing edema, vascular compromise, and ultimately partial or total bowel obstruction

33
Q

S/S of Intussusception

A
  • abdominal pain
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • currant-jelly stools
  • gross blood/hemocult positive stool
  • lethargy
34
Q

What is the hallmark sign of Intussusception?

A

sausage-shaped mass in upper midabdomen

35
Q

What is the most common cause of emergent abdominal surgery in children?

A

appendicitis

36
Q

What is the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and is characterized by constipation?

A

Hirschsprung Disease

37
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux

A

passage of gastric contents into the esophagus

38
Q

When should GER resolve by?

A

12-18 months

39
Q

GERD

A

complications developed from the reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus or oropharynx

40
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome

A

clinical syndrome of malabsorption and excessive intestinal fluid and electrolyte losses that occurs following a massive small intestine loss or surgical resection

41
Q

Encopresis

A

soiling of fecal contents into the underwear beyond the age of expected toilet training

42
Q

What are the 2 major idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases of children?

A

Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis

43
Q

S/S of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A
  • abdominal cramping
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • poor growth
  • delayed sexual development
44
Q

Celiac Disease

A

immunologic disorder in which gluten causes damage to the small intestine

45
Q

Biliary Atresia

A

absence of some or all of the major biliary ducts resulting in obstruction of bile flow

46
Q

Cholelelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gall bladder

47
Q

S/S of Cholellithiasis

A
  • right upper quadrant pain radiating substernally or to right shoulder
  • N/V
  • jaundice
  • fever
48
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

Pediatrics (24 decks)

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