Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (23)
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1
common characteristics of model organisms
- Short generation time
- Production of numerous progeny
- Ability to carry out controlled genetic crosses
- Ability to be reared in a lab environment
-Availability of numerous genetic variants
-Accumulated body of knowledge about their genetic systems
2
complete set of genetic instructions for any organism
genome
3
is either RNA or DNA
genome
4
primary structure of DNA
Nucleotides
5
Secondary structure of DNA
-double helix
- hydrogen bond and base pairing
- antiparallel complementary DNA strand
6
chain of nucleotides
Nucleic acids
7
sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
8
2 nucleotide types dependent on the sugar
RNA
DNA
9
enzyme responsible for adding and removing turns in the coil
topoisomerase
10
lightly packed chromatin, active in gene expression
Euchromatin
11
tightly coiled chromatin, inactive in gene expression
heterochromatin
12
What is heterochromatin involved in
-metabolic activity
-transcription
-cell division
-centromere
-telomere
13
proteins used to package and order DNA
Histone proteins
14
Chromosome structure
-nucleosome
- Chromatosome
15
High order chromatin structure
-30 nm fiber
-300 nm loops
- 250 nm wide fiber
16
C value
genome size
17
Key characteristics of genetic material
-must contain complex info
- must replicate faithfully
-must encode phenotype
-must have capacity to vary
18
proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were free living bacteria
endosymbiotic theory
19
Where is animal mtDNA inherited
almost exclusively from female parent
20
traits encoded by mtDNA
-petite mutations in yeast
-Neurospora mutations
-cytoplasmic male sterility
21
human diseases encoded by mtDNA
-MERRF
-LHON
-NARP
-KSS
-CEOP
22
evolution of mitochondrial DNA
-high mutation rate in vertebrate mtDNA
-# of genes & organization remains constant
-most copies of mtDNA identical
23
