midterm Flashcards
(25 cards)
functions of chromatin
- package DNA into more compact shape
- reinforce DNA to allow mitosis
- prevent DNA damage
- control gene expression and DNA replication
primary protein components of chromatin
histones
what cells are chromatin only found in
eukaryotic cells
why is reproduction in prokaryotic cells simple?
only posses 1 chromosome per cell
why is reproduction complex in eukaryotic cekks
multiple chromosomes must be copied and disitributed to each new cell
processes that serve as foundation for much of eukaryotic genetics
mitosis
meiosis
how many pairs of autosomal chromosomes does a normal human karyotype contain
22 pairs
How many sex chromosomes does a human contain
1 pair
What is an allosome
pair of sex chromosomes
what are karyotypes
number and visual appearance of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
alternative form of a gene
allele
fixed position on a chromosome/ genetic marker
locus
pair of chromosomes alike in structure & size that carry genetic info for same set of hereditary characteristics
homologous pair
where are chromosomes of homologous pairs inherited from
male parent and female parent
what are the final results of mitosis
2 diploid cells
what is the goal of mitosis
cell division
what is the final result of meiosis
4 haploid cells
what is the goal of meiosis
genetic shuffling and production of gametes
how many stages does mitosis have
5 stages
what are the 5 stages of mitosis
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
what happens in interphase
- cell prepares for division
- dna is duplicated creating chromosome
- cell increases in size
what stage is majority of the cells lifespan spent
interphase
what happens in metaphase
chromosomes line up along equator
what happens in anaphase
- sister chromatids divide completely
- microtubles get shorter
