Flashcards in midterm Deck (25)
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1
functions of chromatin
-package DNA into more compact shape
- reinforce DNA to allow mitosis
- prevent DNA damage
- control gene expression and DNA replication
2
primary protein components of chromatin
histones
3
what cells are chromatin only found in
eukaryotic cells
4
why is reproduction in prokaryotic cells simple?
only posses 1 chromosome per cell
5
why is reproduction complex in eukaryotic cekks
multiple chromosomes must be copied and disitributed to each new cell
6
processes that serve as foundation for much of eukaryotic genetics
mitosis
meiosis
7
how many pairs of autosomal chromosomes does a normal human karyotype contain
22 pairs
8
How many sex chromosomes does a human contain
1 pair
9
What is an allosome
pair of sex chromosomes
10
what are karyotypes
number and visual appearance of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
11
alternative form of a gene
allele
12
fixed position on a chromosome/ genetic marker
locus
13
pair of chromosomes alike in structure & size that carry genetic info for same set of hereditary characteristics
homologous pair
14
where are chromosomes of homologous pairs inherited from
male parent and female parent
15
what are the final results of mitosis
2 diploid cells
16
what is the goal of mitosis
cell division
17
what is the final result of meiosis
4 haploid cells
18
what is the goal of meiosis
genetic shuffling and production of gametes
19
how many stages does mitosis have
5 stages
20
what are the 5 stages of mitosis
- Interphase
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
21
what happens in interphase
-cell prepares for division
- dna is duplicated creating chromosome
- cell increases in size
22
what stage is majority of the cells lifespan spent
interphase
23
what happens in metaphase
chromosomes line up along equator
24
what happens in anaphase
-sister chromatids divide completely
- microtubles get shorter
25
