What is the primary distinction between a “slip” and a “relapse”?
a. a slip refers to a recovering person who misses Twelve Step meetings while a relapse is a return to use
b. a slip is an episode of use following abstinence while a relapse is a return to uncontrolled use
c. a slip always precedes a relapse (d) the terms are synonymous
b
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship of slips and relapse?
a. a slip inevitably leads to relapse
b. slips are very common and unrelated to the events that precipitate relapse
c. slips are very common and are a signal that the client should reenter treatment
d. a slip may generate guilt, anxiety, or hopelessness in clients and these emotions can result in relapse
d
When a client “slips”, the best course of action for mental health professionals is:
a. provide more intensive treatment services
b. teach the client to avoid the person, places, and things that caused the slip
c. reexamine the client’s aftercare plan and design strategies to prevent the slip from escalating
d. organize an intervention team to motivate the client to return to treatment
c
- Which of the following statements is not true regarding the frequency of slips and relapse?
a. many, if not most, clients who receive treatment return to use at some point
b. relapse is particularly frequent in the first three years following treatment
c. many people who relapse have periods of abstinence of one month or more
d. clients from high socio-economic groups with good social stability have the lowest relapse rates
d
Which of the following general statements best describes the Cenaps Model of relapse prevention?
a. based on an eclectic model of addiction, strategies from a variety of counseling theories are used
b. based on the disease model of addiction, a variety of strategies to change personality, lifestyle, and family functioning are used
c. based on a social learning model, strategies to change “bad habits” are used
d. based on a biopsychosocial model of addiction, strategies to maintain abstinence are used
b
- According to Gorski, which clients are appropriate for Cenaps Model relapse prevention?
a. any client who has been in recovery for at least 90 days and sincerely wants to stay clean and sober
b. clients who have completed Minnesota Model treatment programs
c. clients who regularly attend AA
d. clients who have completed the primary goals of treatment
d
- Which of the following is not one of the steps of recovery and relapse in the Cenaps Model?
a. abstinence from AODs
b. stopping compulsive self-defeating behaviors that suppress awareness of painful feelings and irrational thoughts
c. learning to change addictive-thinking patterns that create painful feelings and self-defeating behaviors
d. maintaining a spiritual awareness of the powerlessness of addicts over AODs
d
- According to Gorski, how does the relapse process occur?
a. irrational thinking due to mistaken core beliefs about self, others, and the world reverses the recovery sequence
b. client contact with people, places, and things that promote AOD use
c. failure to maintain a spiritual network through attendance at Twelve Step meetings
d. the reinforcing properties of AODs becomes more powerful than the reinforcement from abstinence
a
- What is the major distinction between the Cenaps Model of relapse prevention and cognitive-social learning models?
a. in cognitive-social learning models, high risk situations for relapse are determined while in the Cenaps Model, no such assessment is necessary
b. in cognitive-social learning models, the relapse prevention strategies are cognitive-behavioral while in the Cenaps Model such interventions are contrary to the theoretical model
c. in cognitive-social learning models, addictive behaviors are conceptualized as bad habits, while in the Cenaps Model, addictive behaviors are viewed as symptomatic of the disease
d. in cognitive-social learning models, the goal is moderate use of AODs, while in the Cenaps Model, the goal is abstinence
c
- According to Alan Marlatt, relapse prevention requires:
a. the study of determinants of addictive behaviors and discovery of the consequences of these behaviors
b. the study of the reinforcing properties of AODs and the discovery of the interpersonal impact of these properties
c. the study of intergenerational modeling of the use of AODs and the discovery of the social influences to counteract this modeling
d. the study of the relative influences of heredity and environment in maintaining bad habits and the discovery of interventions to maintain good habits
a
- Helen Annis criticizes traditional approaches to relapse prevention that involve similar interventions to those that occurred during treatment because:
a. treatment interventions, such as attendance at Twelve Step meetings, have not been proven to work
b. relapse is such a frequent occurrence that different interventions are needed
c. AOD counselors do not have the training to implement relapse prevention strategies
d. the principles that determine the initiation of a behavior change may be different than the principles that determine whether or not the behavior change is maintained
d
- What is the relationship between self-efficacy and relapse prevention?
a. if a recovering person has positive self-efficacy, the person is more likely to avoid high risk situations
b. if a recovering person believes he or she has the ability to cope with a high risk situation, the probability of relapse is reduced
c. self-efficacy is not as important in determining the probability of relapse as is attendance at aftercare groups
d. the development of positive self-efficacy is essential in building the global life-style changes that reduce the probability of relapse
b
- Bob is a recovering cocaine addict. After a stressful day at work, he bumps into an old using friend who offers him some coke. Bob asserts himself and does not use. In a cognitive-social learning model of relapse, how would this situation be analyzed?
a. Bob avoided a high risk situation resulting in enhanced self-esteem
b. Bob coped with a high risk situation and decreased the probability of future relapse
c. Bob coped with a high risk situation resulting in enhanced self-efficacy
d. Bob avoided a high risk situation resulting in a decreased abstinence violation effect
c
- If Bob had used cocaine in the situation described above, how would that be analyzed in a cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention?
a. Bob did not avoid a high risk situation resulting in the abstinence violation effect
b. Bob did not successfully cope with a high risk situation resulting in decreased self-efficacy
c. Bob did not successfully avoid a high risk situation resulting in future apparently irrelevant decisions
d. Bob did not successfully cope with a high risk situation resulting in escalating slips and relapse
b
- In a cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention, high-risk situations that result from covert planning occur because:
a. of life style imbalance
b. reduced self-efficacy
c. the abstinence violation effect
d. apparently irrelevant decisions
a
- Which of the following is not true regarding assessment of high-risk situations in relapse prevention?
a. In the Cenaps Model, client self-assessment is used to determine high risk situations
b. most high risk situations are related to negative emotions, interpersonal conflict and social pressure
c. Annis developed the Inventory of Drinking Situations to assess high risk situations
d. Marlatt does not believe that assessment of high risk situations is necessary for effective relapse prevention
d
- Bruce is in recovery from polydrug addiction. An identified high-risk situation is social pressure. His girl friend is also in recovery but shows up with some pot one day and encourages Bruce to use. Bruce has been practicing assertive skills with his counselor and effectively uses these skills with his girlfriend. This is an example of:
a. a cognitive-affective coping response to a high risk situation
b. a situational-behavioral response to a high risk situation
c. the utilization of HALT in response to a high risk situation
d. the use of coping responses to an urge to use
b
- Gorski said that relapse-prone clients cannot recover alone. What types of support systems are needed in relapse prevention?
a. Twelve Step groups, including a sponsor
b. a psychotherapist to address core psychological issues
c. family members
d. support systems must be individually determined based on client needs
d
- Why is it important for mental health professionals to be aware of and involved in relapse prevention?
a. there are many life-style issues that lead to relapse and that often must be worked on by mental health professionals
b. mental health professionals should recognize signs of relapse so that the client’s case manager can be contacted
c. poor social and communication skills often lead to relapse
d. a client with poor vocational skills has little chance of remaining clean and sober
a
- Why is it important to teach clients strategies to prevent slips from escalating into relapses?
a. these strategies should not be taught since it contradicts the goal of abstinence
b. these strategies counteract the abstinence violation effect
c. since slips are so common, it makes sense to teach clients methods to control the slip
d. teaching clients these strategies increases the likelihood that the client will discuss slips with the counselor
c
- Recovery can be thought of as:
a. the process that begins when a person enters treatment or goes to AA
b. a lifelong process that starts in different ways for different people
c. inappropriate for those in methadone programs
d. something that should be private and personal
b
- Which of the following is not a recovery support service?
a. peer mentoring
b. parent education
c. vocational guidance
d. sponsorship
d
- According to Ringwald, all of the following are advantages of spiritual interventions in addiction recovery except :
a. spiritual interventions are consistent with AA
b. spiritual interventions are evidence-based
c. spirituality appeals to many minority groups
d. spiritual interventions are low cost
a
