A Level American History.2 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

What years did the Jazz Age span?

A

The Jazz Age spanned through the ‘Roaring Twenties’ and the years of depression in the 1930s

It was a period of significant transformation in American popular culture.

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2
Q

What was a major cultural phenomenon during the Jazz Age?

A

Live jazz music

Jazz spilled out of the South into Northern cities along with the great northward migration of African-Americans.

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3
Q

Name two influential jazz musicians from the Jazz Age.

A
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Duke Ellington

Their music was spread across the nation through radio and gramophones.

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4
Q

What technological advancements contributed to the spread of popular music during the Jazz Age?

A
  • Radio
  • Gramophone

These technologies helped popularize jazz and other music forms across the country.

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5
Q

What was the significance of consumerism during the Jazz Age?

A

Symbolized by the automobile

Mass car ownership enabled a new kind of social mobility and made luxury goods accessible to ordinary families.

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6
Q

What major construction projects symbolized American progress during the Jazz Age?

A
  • Golden Gate Bridge
  • Empire State Building
  • Boulder Dam

These monuments represented the boldness and confidence of the era.

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7
Q

True or false: The Jazz Age was a phenomenon that reached all sections of American society equally.

A

FALSE

Many Americans were left out of this urban phenomenon and some disapproved of it.

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8
Q

What role did popular culture play in American society during the interwar years?

A

Helped to unify a disparate society

Shared images and experiences shaped America’s vision of itself.

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9
Q

What was the New Deal and its impact on America by 1945?

A

Reshaped domestic affairs

The New Deal was a response to the Great Depression and transformed American society.

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10
Q

What was the Key Question posed in the chapter regarding the changes in the USA?

A

In what ways did the economy and society of the USA change and develop?

This question guides the exploration of social and cultural developments from 1920 to 1941.

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11
Q

What years did the Jazz Age span?

A

The Jazz Age spanned through the ‘Roaring Twenties’ and the years of depression in the 1930s

It was a period of significant transformation in American popular culture.

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12
Q

What was a major cultural phenomenon during the Jazz Age?

A

Live jazz music

Jazz spilled out of the South into Northern cities along with the great northward migration of African-Americans.

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13
Q

Name two influential jazz musicians from the Jazz Age.

A
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Duke Ellington

Their music was spread across the nation through radio and gramophones.

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14
Q

What technological advancements contributed to the spread of popular music during the Jazz Age?

A
  • Radio
  • Gramophone

These technologies helped popularize jazz and other music forms across the country.

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15
Q

What was the significance of consumerism during the Jazz Age?

A

Symbolized by the automobile

Mass car ownership enabled a new kind of social mobility and made luxury goods accessible to ordinary families.

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16
Q

What major construction projects symbolized American progress during the Jazz Age?

A
  • Golden Gate Bridge
  • Empire State Building
  • Boulder Dam

These monuments represented the boldness and confidence of the era.

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17
Q

True or false: The Jazz Age was a phenomenon that reached all sections of American society equally.

A

FALSE

Many Americans were left out of this urban phenomenon and some disapproved of it.

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18
Q

What role did popular culture play in American society during the interwar years?

A

Helped to unify a disparate society

Shared images and experiences shaped America’s vision of itself.

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19
Q

What was the New Deal and its impact on America by 1945?

A

Reshaped domestic affairs

The New Deal was a response to the Great Depression and transformed American society.

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20
Q

What was the Key Question posed in the chapter regarding the changes in the USA?

A

In what ways did the economy and society of the USA change and develop?

This question guides the exploration of social and cultural developments from 1920 to 1941.

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21
Q

What was the new prosperity accompanied by in the 1920s?

A
  • New social values
  • Consumerism
  • Materialistic outlook

The new prosperity reflected a swing back to normalcy under Harding and Coolidge.

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22
Q

The backlash against new social values in the 1920s came from which groups?

A
  • Rural America
  • Small-town America
  • Churches
  • Political leaders like Francis Townsend and Huey Long

This backlash included condemnation of modern godlessness and support for the Ku Klux Klan.

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23
Q

What did the clash of values in the 1920s lead to regarding Progressivism?

A
  • Loss of impetus
  • Reaction against women’s liberation
  • Reaction against Prohibition

Progressivism was defined as a ‘fierce discontent’ by historian Michael McGeer.

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24
Q

By what year were women’s voting rights confirmed under the constitution?

A

1920

This was a significant advancement for women’s rights in the United States.

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25
Name three women who broke through traditional social restrictions in the 1920s.
* Nellie Tayloe Ross (first women governor in Us Wyoming 1925-1927) * Hattie Caraway (first women elected to the Us senate 1932) * Frances Perkins (first women to serve in a Us cabinet) ## Footnote These women achieved notable positions in government and activism.
26
Who was **Eleanor Roosevelt** and what was her role?
First Lady from 1933 to 1945 ## Footnote She was a vigorous campaigner for human rights and known for her independent views.
27
The **New Woman** of the 1920s was characterized by what traits?
* Socially liberated * Often young * Employed with disposable income * Breaking traditional expectations ## Footnote The image of the New Woman was popularized in magazines and advertising.
28
What was the **Volstead Act** associated with?
Prohibition ## Footnote It was passed due to wide political and popular support, seen as a noble social experiment.
29
True or false: The **failure of Prohibition** in 1933 distorted its history.
TRUE ## Footnote The long fight for Prohibition was considered a significant victory for Progressive ideals.
30
What did the **Hays Code** monitor in Hollywood films from 1930?
* Moral decency * Explicit sex scenes * Happy endings for Good Girls ## Footnote Bad Girls might be exciting but were expected to meet a Bad End.
31
What is the **Eighteenth Amendment** known for?
It initiated **Prohibition** in 1920 ## Footnote Prohibition aimed to eliminate the production, importation, and distribution of alcohol.
32
Who was the **Prohibition commissioner** that spoke to the Women's Christian Temperance Union in January 1927?
Roy Haynes ## Footnote He emphasized Prohibition as a significant effort for human advancement.
33
According to **Fiorello LaGuardia**, what was a major issue with Prohibition?
It was never enforced ## Footnote He noted that a million quarts of liquor were consumed daily, leading to significant revenue losses.
34
What illegal activities proliferated as a result of **Prohibition**?
* Bootlegging * Speakeasies * Homemade moonshine ## Footnote Criminal gangs took over the production and distribution of alcohol.
35
What was the role of the **Bureau of Investigation** established in 1924?
To combat organized crime related to Prohibition ## Footnote It was the forerunner of the FBI.
36
In what year was the **Beer-Wine Revenue Act** passed, loosening restrictions on alcohol?
1933 ## Footnote This was one of the early measures of the New Deal.
37
What significant event occurred at the end of **1933** regarding Prohibition?
The **Eighteenth Amendment** was voted down by Congress ## Footnote This marked the only repeal of a constitutional amendment.
38
What was the **Emergency Quota Act** passed in 1921 aimed at?
Limiting immigration into the US ## Footnote This act was part of broader immigration restrictions during the period. Immigration was capped at 3% for all ethnicity’s In Us already
39
What does the term **'Drys'** refer to in the context of Prohibition?
Supporters of Prohibition ## Footnote They advocated for the ban on alcohol.
40
What was the outcome of the **St. Valentine's Day Massacre**? Feb 1929
It highlighted the violence associated with organized crime ## Footnote This event occurred during the height of Prohibition.
41
Who was **Al Capone**?
A notorious gangster during Prohibition ## Footnote He was glamorized and later imprisoned for tax evasion.
42
What was the significance of the **21st Amendment**?
It ended Prohibition ## Footnote This amendment was ratified in 1933.
43
True or false: The **New Deal** included measures to enforce Prohibition.
FALSE ## Footnote The New Deal aimed to address the economic crisis, including the repeal of Prohibition.
44
What was the impact of **Prohibition** on law enforcement?
Corruption and challenges in enforcement ## Footnote Law enforcement was outmatched by organized crime networks.
45
What was the **first issue of Time magazine** published?
In 1923 ## Footnote This marked a significant development in American media.
46
What was the **'Bonus Army'**?
A group of World War I veterans protesting in Washington, D.C. ## Footnote They demanded early payment of bonuses promised to them.
47
What was the **impact of the Great Depression** on American society?
* Mass unemployment * Soup kitchens * Desperate job seekers * Rural miseries due to the Dust Bowl ## Footnote The Great Depression dealt a heavy blow to the optimism of the 1920s, affecting both urban and rural America.
48
What did the **New Deal** aim to improve?
* Created jobs * Established welfare systems * Restored national self-belief ## Footnote The New Deal was a response to the problems faced during the Great Depression.
49
Who were the **'Okies'**?
* Small farmers from Oklahoma and Nebraska * Migrated west due to soil erosion and dust storms ## Footnote At least 1 million 'Okies' sought jobs in California, facing significant challenges.
50
What was the **main theme** of John Steinbeck's novel **The Grapes of Wrath**?
Denunciation of the evils of capitalism ## Footnote The novel tells the story of the hardships faced by the 'Okies' during their migration.
51
True or false: The **Ku Klux Klan** experienced a revival in 1915 and had a significant membership by 1920.
TRUE ## Footnote The KKK grew and modernized, becoming politically respectable and supported by mainstream politicians.
52
What were the **key leaders** of the KKK during its revival?
* Hiram Evans (Imperial Wizard) * David Stephenson (Grand Dragon of Indiana) ## Footnote New public relations experts helped to build membership through aggressive marketing.
53
What was the **role of The Fiery Cross** in the KKK?
Spread KKK ideology and attacks on various groups ## Footnote The Klan's newspaper played a crucial role in promoting its beliefs and actions.
54
What significant event occurred in 1925 involving the KKK?
A March on Washington by 40,000 Klansmen ## Footnote This event showcased the KKK's visibility and political respectability at the time.
55
What does **Imperial Wizard** refer to in the context of the KKK?
National leader of the Ku Klux Klan ## Footnote This title denotes the highest rank within the organization.
56
What does **Grand Dragon** refer to in the context of the KKK?
Regional leader of the Ku Klux Klan ## Footnote This title indicates leadership within specific areas of the Klan's organization.
57
What societal tensions contributed to the rise of the **Ku Klux Klan**?
* Urbanization * Migration * Economic inequalities ## Footnote These factors created divisions that the KKK exploited to gain support.
58
The **'Monkey Trial'** in Dayton, Tennessee, occurred in what year?
1925 ## Footnote This trial was a significant event reflecting societal tensions regarding science and religion.
59
What was the **fate of Sacco and Vanzetti**?
Convicted for terrorism in 1920 and executed in 1927 ## Footnote Their case highlighted issues of justice and societal divisions.
60
What was a **key consequence** of the Dust Bowl for farmers?
Forced migration due to soil erosion and dust storms ## Footnote Many farmers, known as 'Okies', sought better opportunities elsewhere.
61
What event in **1925** significantly damaged the **Ku Klux Klan's** image?
David Stephenson's conviction for rape and manslaughter ## Footnote This event led to a divided leadership and loss of public support for the Klan.
62
Who was the **chief witness for the prosecution** in the **Scopes Trial**?
William Jennings Bryan ## Footnote Bryan was a religious fundamentalist and a prominent figure in the Populist movement.
63
What law did **John Scopes** challenge by teaching evolution?
The Butler Act ## Footnote This law prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools.
64
True or false: **Clarence Darrow** was a religious fundamentalist in the **Scopes Trial**.
FALSE ## Footnote Darrow was a liberal lawyer and an atheist, representing the defense.
65
What was the outcome for **Sacco and Vanzetti** after their trial?
Executed in August 1927 ## Footnote Their conviction was controversial and criticized for being based on anti-immigrant prejudice.
66
What was the **migration trend** of African-Americans during the interwar years?
Migration to Northern cities ## Footnote This led to significant demographic changes in cities like Chicago and New York.
67
What was the **Indian Reorganization Act** of 1934?
Legislation to restore some rights to Native Americans ## Footnote It aimed to provide federal funds for tribes and repealed many restrictive laws.
68
What was the **economic condition** of Northern cities during the Great Depression?
High unemployment and major strikes ## Footnote The Ford Massacre in 1932 exemplified the tensions during this period.
69
What did **Huey Long** campaign against in the South?
Standard Oil ## Footnote Long's movement, Share Our Wealth, gained significant support and challenged New Deal policies.
70
What was the **impact** of the **Great Migration** on Chicago's population by 1940?
8% of the population was black ## Footnote This demographic shift contributed to the cultural vibrancy of neighborhoods like Harlem.
71
What was the **main theme** of Stanley Kramer's film **Inherit the Wind**?
A clear-cut liberal message ## Footnote The film depicted the clash of values represented by Darrow and Bryan.
72
What was the **Indian New Deal** aimed at?
Benefits for Native Americans ## Footnote The Indian New Deal sought to improve the conditions and rights of Native Americans.
73
Who was **Eleanor Roosevelt** advocating for in 1935?
Mary Bethune ## Footnote She pushed for Mary Bethune's appointment to the National Youth Administration. She became apart of the “black cabinet!
74
What political action did **Eleanor Roosevelt** take in 1936?
Hosted a White House garden party for black girls ## Footnote This event caused a political storm due to its racial implications.
75
What organization did **Marcus Garvey** found in 1920?
United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) ## Footnote Garvey's organization aimed to promote black nationalism and economic independence.
76
What was the outcome of the **anti-lynching law** proposed in 1921?
Passed by the House, blocked by Southern Democrats ## Footnote This law aimed to address racial violence but faced significant political opposition.
77
What significant event did **A. Philip Randolph** plan in 1941?
March on Washington ## Footnote This march aimed to protest unequal treatment of African-American employees.
78
What was **Executive Order 8802** issued to prohibit? 1941
Racial discrimination in the defense industry ## Footnote This order was a response to the planned March on Washington.
79
True or false: The **New Deal** was seen as a complete solution for African-Americans.
FALSE ## Footnote Critics argue that real progress for African-Americans had to wait until after World War II.
80
What did the **Great Depression** impact differently across society?
Radically different ways ## Footnote The effects varied significantly among different social and economic groups.
81
What did World War II open up for most Americans?
Possibility of affluence ## Footnote The war created opportunities for economic growth and stability.
82
What was the role of **urbanization** during the interwar years?
Continuation and internal migration ## Footnote Urbanization significantly shaped American society during this period.
83
What did the **New Deal** function as during the Great Depression?
A holding operation for American society ## Footnote It provided measures to help people survive until World War II.
84
What was the **Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters**?
The first black trade union founded by A. Philip Randolph ## Footnote Established in 1925, it aimed to improve working conditions for African-American porters.
85
What was the **impact of the First World War** on African-Americans?
Raised hopes for real advances ## Footnote The war created expectations for improved social and economic conditions.
86
What did the **Communist Party** adopt in the 1930s?
The cause of black rights ## Footnote They defended young black males unfairly sentenced to death in the Scottsboro case.
87
What was the **gulf** between the countryside and the city during the interwar years?
Widened ## Footnote Economic and social disparities increased between rural and urban areas.
88
What did **mass entertainment** provide in the 1930s?
A pretty good place to be for those with jobs ## Footnote It offered an escape and enjoyment during difficult economic times.
A Level American History.2
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