Chapter 8 Pre/Post

Question 1

A research design in which a group of subjects is studied during a predetermined period is known as an:

Answer 1

Cross-sectional method.

Question 2

After treating a patient with end-stage renal disease, you obtain consent from the patient to participate in a study that begins next month. Which type of informed consent did you collect?

Answer 2

Cohort Consent.

Question 3

Descriptive statistics describes:

Answer 3

The sample of subjects being studied.

Question 4

If a patient has no designated medical power of attorney, most states use a hierarchy starting with a:

Answer 4

Spouse.

Question 5

The process by which all parties are made aware of the study, treatment, and outcome to be measured is known as:

Answer 5

Unblinding

Question 6

When arranging data values from smallest to largest, you identify the value in the middle of the data set. What value did you just find?

Answer 6

Median.

Question 7

When should you review the current literature to determine what is already known about a topic?

Answer 7

After the area of clinical interest is identified.

Question 8

Which odds ratio would indicate that the outcome will likely occur in the group receiving the intervention?

Answer 8

1.15

Question 9

Which section of manuscript would you look at to find answers to the study questions and the data obtained by the researcher?

Answer 9

Results.

Question 10

Why are descriptive studies unable to draw a causal relationship between variables?

Answer 10

They do not control for confounding variables.

Question 11

After analyzing data that looks at the relationship between response times and PT outcomes, which P-value would indicate that the finding was statistically significant?

Answer 11

0.05

Question 12

An issue that increases background variability and makes it more difficult to draw accurate conclusions from a study is called a:

Answer 12

Nuisance variable.

Question 13

How is the influence of confounding variables controlled?

Answer 13

By the use of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Question 14

How well a study can predict rather than suggest a relationship is based on:

Answer 14

The research methods and designs.

Question 15

In a double blinded study involving a drug, who would be aware of which intervention is being administered?

Answer 15

The researcher.

Question 16

In scientific research, any faction or entity that can differ in amount or type is known as a:

Answer 16

Variable.

Question 17

In what year did the National Association of EMS Physicians develop a consensus document to establish a process to create evidence-based guidelines for EMS?

Answer 17

2016

Question 18

Standard deviation measures how much variability there is from the:

Answer 18

Mean.

Question 19

The inclusion or exclusion criteria of a study should be provided in which section of a scientific manuscript?

Answer 19

Methods.

Question 20

The National EMS Research Agenda was published in:

Answer 20

2001

Question 21

The number that occur more often than any other number in a data set is the:

Answer 21

Mode.

Question 22

The power of a study is:

Answer 22

Its ability to detect a difference between groups whenever a difference exists.

Question 23

The 2 main types of research designs are:

Answer 23

Descriptive and Analytic.

Question 24

To interpret the results of a study, it is most important to read which section?

Answer 24

Discussion.

Question 25

To perform an inferential statistics analysis, a researcher must first state:

Answer 25

A null hypothesis.

Question 26

What is the next step in a research project after the data are analyzed?

Answer 26

Determine the optimal course of action from the results.

Question 27

When the paramedic obtains informed consent from an authorized surrogate, this is known as:

Answer 27

Consent by proxy.

Question 28

What accurately describes a regulation observed by most institutional review boards?

Answer 28

When some of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion, additional safeguards are included in the study to protect your rights and welfare of these subjects.

Question 29

What is accurate regarding correlation and causation?

Answer 29

It is more difficult to prove causation than correlation.

Question 30

What is an example of qualitative analysis?

Answer 30

Analyzing trends from focus group interviews.