Freud emphasized the ___ stage 1 to 3 years and ____ stage 3 to 6 years of maturation during preschool years which helped shaped personality.
- Anal (toilet training, gaining control of bodily functions)
- Phallic (identify gender/anatomical differences)
- parents as role models
- love/affection towards mom
- understanding boy vs. girl
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages are based on Autonomy vs. ___ and ____, and Initiative vs. ____.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- toddlers new mobility and desire for autonomy
Initiative vs Guilt
- ability to plan which focuses on attention on his/her wish to take the initiative
Social-cognitive theory is?
- social and personality development in childhood is related to growth in cognitive domain
What is Person Perception?
- ability to classify others according to specific categories such as race, gender, age
Understanding Rule Categories
- behaviour can be judged by intentionally or accident
Understanding Others Intentions
Breaking moral rule is more problematic and worse behaviour than social convention
- “Done on purpose?”
What trend can be seen with lone-parent households?
- roughly 80% were female
- make up 16% of Canadian families
What is the majority pattern in Canada for family structure?
- two-parent family (~77)
In Canada, the highest proportion of skip-generation families are ____.
- Aboriginal
What is the relationship between same-sex families compared to heteronormative?
- no significant differences
Discuss positive factors for attachment quality during preschool years?
- positive relationships with preschool teachers
- positive attitude towards themselves, non-critical
List the four focuses of Baumrind’s aspects of family functioning?
- warmth or nurturance (loving/attentive)
- Clarity and consistency (communicate expectations)
- Levels of expectation (how demanding)
- Communication between parent and child (explaining why)
Authoritative, reciprocal parenting style is?
Describe an implication with this style?
- high in nurturance, maturity demands, high level of control and expectance
- inferiority in teen years, resulting in low esteem
Indulgent, permissive parenting style is?
- friends, loving and warm, and high in nurturance, low expectations, control, and communication
- most common
Authoritarian, power-assertive parenting style is?
- gold standard, high expectations, explain them why, adaptable, warmth
- low in nurturance and communication, but high in control and maturity demands
Authoritarian, power-assertive parenting style is?
- gold standard, high expectations, explain them why, adaptable, warmth
- low in nurturance and communication, but high in control and maturity demands
List benefits of an authoritarian (gold standard) parenting style?
- positive outcomes, emotional adjustment, performance in school, active participant in child lives and discipline.
Uninvolved parenting style is?
- not much nurturance, maturity demands, control, and communication
- kids raise themselves, parents uninvolved
Which parenting style leads to the most consistent negative outcomes (behavioural problems)?
- Neglecting, uninvolved
The most common parenting style is the?
- 33% are authoritative
What is the purpose of discipline? (hint, 3)
- develops self-control, moral character, and proper conduct
Why is it hard to identify effective discipline, give two reasons?
- difficult to establish effects of discipline
- research has not concluded how intense and frequent
From ages 2 to 6, relationships with ____ peers becomes increasingly important.
non-sibling
Solitary play
- all ages of children
- plays alone
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Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development30
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Chapter 8 Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood42
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Chapter 9 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood35
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Chapter 10 - Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood40
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Chapter 11 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence52
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Chapter 12 - Social and Personality Development in Adolescence48
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Chapter 13/1466
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Chapter 15/1643
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Chapter 1751
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Chapter 1838
