- Acute, sudden painless monocular vision loss - May have ipsilateral carotid bruit

EENT #2 Flashcards by Tyler Cichowski

Symptoms of blepharitis

-Crusting, scaling, and red-rimming of the eyelid and flaking of the eyelashes or lid margins

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Treatment for blepharitis

-Eyelid hygiene is the mainstay of treatment

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Blepharitis is common in _____ and _____

Down’s Syndrome and Eczema

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MC etiology of central retinal artery occlusion

-Emboli from carotid artery atherosclerosis

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Symptoms of CRAO

Acute, sudden painless monocular vision loss

- May have ipsilateral carotid bruit

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Fundoscopy is used to diagnose a CRAO. What is seen on exam?

Pale retina with cherry red macula

- Boxcar appearance of retinal vessels

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Symptoms of cerumen impaction

Conductive hearing loss (lateralization to affected ear on Weber)
Bone conduction > air conduction

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Treatment of cerumen impaction

-Hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide

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What is a cholesteatma

-Abnormal keratinized collection of desquamated squamous epithelium in the middle ear that can lead to bony erosion of the mastoid

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Symptoms of cholesteatoma

Painless otorrhea (brown or yellow discharge with a strong odor)
May have vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, cranial nerve palsies

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On otoscopy for a cholesteatoma, what is seen?

Granulation tissue (cellular debris)

- Conductive hearing loss

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Treatment for cholesteatoma

-Surgical excision of debris and cholesteatoma with reconstruction of the ossicles

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In conductive hearing loss, explain what happens in Weber and Rinne tests

Weber: lateralizes to affected ear

- Rinne: BC > AC

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What is conjunctival chemosis

-Irritation, allergies, watery eyes, excessive tearing, itchiness, blurry or double vision, swelling/inflammation

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On a fluorescein stain, what is seen with a corneal abrasion?

“Ice rink” linear abrasion

-Evert eyelid to check for anything

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Management for corneal abrasion

Non contact lens wearers: Erythromycin ointment

- Contact lens wearers: Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin

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Regarding patching with corneal abrasions, what should be done?

Do not patch is Pseudomonas is suspected

- May patch in large abrasions (> 5 mm), but not for more than 24 hours

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Symptoms of Dacryocystitis

Tearing and signs of infection (tenderness, warmth, edema, erythema)
To Medial (canthal) side of the lower lid area

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Treatment of Dacryocystitis

Acute: warm compresses + ABX (Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone)
Chronic: Dacryocystorhinostomy

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What is the MCC of new, permanent vision loss in 20-74 years old

Diabetic retinopathy

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Two types of diabetic retinopathy. Name and describe them.

Nonproliferative: micro aneurysms, cotton wool spots, blot and dot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, sharp margins circinate (roll up at ends)
Proliferative: Neovascularization (growth of new abnormal blood vessels), can lead to vitreous hemorrhage

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Treatment of nonproliferation diabetic retinopathy

-strict glucose control, laser treatment

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Treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Study These Flashcards

-VEGF inhibitors, laser treatment, strict glucose control

How often should a diabetic have an eye exam?

Study These Flashcards

Yearly (1 per year)

Symptoms of Diphtheria

- Tonsillopharyngitis or Laryngitis - Pseudomembranes (friable, gray/white membrane that bleeds if scraped) - Bull Neck - Myocarditis, Arrhythmias, or Heart Failure

Diagnostic for Diphtheria

- Clinical diagnosis | - PCR/Culture to confirm

Treatment for Diphtheria

Diphtheria Antitoxin (horse serum) + Erythromycin or Penicillin x 2 weeks

MC site for anterior epistaxis

-Kesselbach Plexus

Etiology for anterior nose bleeds

-Nasal trauma (nose picking, blowing nose forcefully), alcohol, foreign body, low humidity

MC site for posterior epistaxis

-Sphenopalatine artery branches & Woodruff's Plexus

What is unique about posterior epistaxis?

It can cause bleeding from both nares

Treatment for anterior epistaxis

- Direct pressure (first line), leaning forward - Topical vasoconstrictors (Oxymetazoline) - Cauterization or silver nitrate if above measures fail - Nasal packing if everything else fails or if severe bleeding

Most common treatment for posterior epistaxis

Balloon catheters

Esotropia means that both eyes are deviated

-Inward. "Cross-eyed"

MC type or orbital floor fracture

Inferior

Symptoms of orbital floor fracture

- Diplopia with upward gaze (inferior rectus muscle entrapment) - Orbital emphysema (eyelid swelling) - Anesthesia to anteromedial cheek (stretching of infraorbital nerve)

What is the diagnostic of choice for orbital fracture?

CT scan: shows a Teardrop sign

Treatment for orbital fracture

-Decongestants Avoid blowing nose or sneezing -Antibiotics (Unasyn or Clindamycin)

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy

- I: Arterial narrowing: abnormal light reflexes, copper or silver wiring - II: AV nicking - III: Flame shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots - IV: Papilledema, blurring of optic disc (ophthalmic emergency!)

Greatest risk factor for bacterial keratitis

-Improper contact lens wear (Other risk factors): Dry ocular surfaces such as inability to close eye due to Bell Palsy, Topical corticosteroid use and immunosuppression

Exam findings of keratitis

-Ciliary injection (limbal flush), hazy cornea, blurry vision, ocular pain, eye redness, vision changes

Treatment for bacterial keratitis

- Fluoroquinolone topical | - Do not patch the eye

How to diagnose herpes keratitis

-Dendritic (branching) corneal ulceration with fluorescein staining

treatment for herpes keratitis

-Topical Antivirals: PO Acyclovir, Ganciclovir

Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer

-Surgical resection +/- chemo/radiation

Leukoplakia

Painless, white patchy lesions that cannot be scraped off

If a patient has leukoplakia, you should biopsy to rule out

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In comparison, erythroplakia is

Painless, erythematous, soft, velvety, patch in the oral cavity

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is seen almost exclusively in

Patients with HIV

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is caused by

EBV

Symptoms of oral hairy leukoplakia

-Painless, white smooth or corrugated "hairy" plaque along lateral tongue borders that cannot be scraped off

Treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia

No specific treatment required. | Antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV

Risk factors for oral candidiasis (Thrush)

-Immunocompromised states, use of inhaled corticosteroids without a spacer, Denture Use

Symptoms of oral candidiasis

white curd-like plaques that can be easily scraped off, but may leave behind erythema or friable mucosa if scraped

Diagnostic for oral thrush

-KOH prep: budding yeast and pseudohyphae

Treatment for Thrush

-Nystatin liquid, Clotrimazole troches, or Miconazole buccal tablets

EENT #2 Flashcards

(56 cards)