PANCE/EOC > Genitourinary #3 > Flashcards

Genitourinary #3 Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Paraphimosis is

A

Retracted foreskin that cannot be returned to the normal position
-A urological emergency

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2
Q

Treatment for paraphimosis

A
  • Manual reduction
  • Pharm therapy: granulated sugar, injection of hyaluronidase
  • Definitive management: incision or circumcision
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3
Q

Phimosis is

A

inability to retract foreskin over the glans

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4
Q

MC type of prostate cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • Increasing age (HIGHEST RISK FACTOR)
  • Genetics
  • AA
  • Diet
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6
Q

Symptoms of prostate cancer

A
  • Most are asymptomatic

- Back or bone pain: increased incidence of METS to bone, weight loss

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7
Q

Diagnostics for prostate cancer

A
  • DRE: hard, indurated, nodular, enlarged asymmetrical prostate
  • PSA: > 4 is abnormal
  • TURP: most accurate test
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8
Q

What grading system determines aggressiveness or malignant potential of prostate cancer?

A

Gleason Grading System

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9
Q

Adverse effects of prostatectomy

A

Incontinence and erectile dysfunction

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10
Q

For advanced disease in prostate cancer, what is the treatment?

A

Androgen deprivation

-External beam radiation therapy

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11
Q

MCC of microscopic hematuria in men

A

BPH

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12
Q

MC type of nephrolithiasis

A

-Calcium oxalate

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13
Q

Struvite nephrolithiasis is composed of

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

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14
Q

Symptoms of nephrolithiasis

A
  • Renal colic: sudden, constant upper lateral back or flank pain radiating to groin
  • CVA tenderness
  • Afebrile
  • Hematuria
  • N/V
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15
Q

Diagnostics for nephrolithiasis

A
  • UA: hematuria.
  • -Acidic urine (pH < 5) = Uric acid and cystine
  • -Alkaline urine (pH > 7.2) = Struvite stones
  • Noncontrast CT of abdomen and pelvis (Imaging of choice)
  • KUB
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16
Q

On KUB radiographs, which stones are radiopaque?

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A

Calcium and Struvite

-This means that they are visible on radiographs

17
Q

Management for Nephrolithiasis < 5-mm in diameter

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A
  • 80% chance of passage
  • IVF and analgesics
  • Tamsulosin may facilitate passage
18
Q

If the stone is ______ it may make passage of smaller stones more difficult

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A

At ureterovesicular junction

19
Q

stones 5-10 mm in diameter, what is the treatment?

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A
  • 20% chance of passage
  • Shock wave lithotripsy
  • Ureteroscopy with or without stent: obstructed stone
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: large stones > 10 mm, struvite
20
Q

Risk factors for Calcium Nephrolithiasis

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A
  • Decreased fluid intake (MC)
  • Males
  • High animal protein intake
  • PKD
  • Increased Vitamin C intake in men
21
Q

MC type of penile cancer

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A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

Penile cancer is associated with

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A
  • HPV 16, 6, 18
  • Lack of circumcision
  • Smoking
  • HIV
23
Q

Treatment for erectile dysfunction

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A
  • Phosphodiesterase 5- inhibitors

- -Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil

24
Q

How do PD-5 inhibitors work? MOA

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A

-Nitric oxide mediated penile smooth muscle relaxation, leading to ability to generate and maintain an erection

25
True or False: PD5 inhibitors should not be used in patients with CV disease?
True; may cause severe hypotension
26
What is hypospadias?
Abnormal ventral placement of urethral opening
27
Pathophysiology of hypospadias
-Failure of urogenital folds to fuse during development
28
Treatment for hypospadias
- DO NOT CIRCUMCISE during neonatal period because foreskin can be used to repair the defect - Elective arthroplasty correction: between 6 months and 1 year old
29
What is epispadias?
Abnormal dorsal placement of urethral opening
30
Epispadias is often associated with
Bladder exstrophy (protrusion of bladder wall through defect in abdominal wall)
31
pathophysiology of epispadias
-Failure of midline penile fusion
32
Diagnostic of choice for urethral injuries
-Retrograde urethrogram (done prior to transurethral catheterization)
33
Hallmark triad of symptoms for urethral injuries
-Blood at urethral meatus, inability to void, distended bladder
34
How do urethral injuries most commonly occur?
Blunt trauma: straddle-type falls
35
Symptoms of urethral injuries
- Gross hematuria - Blood at urethral meatus - Swelling, ecchymosis - High-riding prostate
36
Peyronie Disease is associated with
- Vitamin E deficiency - Beta Blockers - Increased serotonin levels - Dupuytren's Contracture - HLA-B7 - Obesity, Smoking, DM, dyslipidemia
37
What is another clinical intervention for Peyronie Disease?
- Vitamin E and potassium amino benzoate (PABA) - Colchicine - Injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum - Surgery
38
Treatment for premature ejaculation
- Topical desensitizing agents (Lidocaine, Benzocaine, Prilocaine) - SSRI's - PDE-5 Inhibitors - Others: Pindolol, Tramadol
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