endocrine function a&p

Question 1

structures

Answer 1

hypothalmus
pituitary gland: anterior & posterior
pancrease
thyroid 
parathyroid 
adrenal glands

Question 2

endocrine releases

Answer 2

in blood stream

Question 3

exocrine releases

Answer 3

into ducts

Question 4

hypothalamus

Answer 4

located in brain

• below thalamus
• above pituitary

Question 5

hypothalamus hormone production

Answer 5

• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- stimulating retention of water= hold on to water
• oxytocin= aids in contraction of uterus @ end of pregnancy and releases milk into ducts
• regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 6

hypothalamus controls body functions

Answer 6

homeostasis
temp
appetite
thirst

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

“master gland”

location: below hypothalmus in brain

structure:

• two lobes:
• anterior
• posterior

Question 8

anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 8

• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• prolactin
• adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
• growth hormone
• lutinizing hormone (LH)
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 9

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 9

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 10

prolactin

Answer 10

• stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females
• in males it may make the testes more senstive to LH

Question 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 11

stimulates the adrenal cortex to scree corticosteroids

Question 12

growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin

Answer 12

• acts on entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrates metabolism and bone and skeletal muscles growth

Question 13

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 13

a gonadotropin stimulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males

Question 14

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 14

one of the gonadotropins stimulating the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males
- secretes estrogen and testosterone

Question 15

posterior pituitary

Answer 15

• nerve fibers that form the posterior pituitary originate in the hypothalamus
• the posterior pituitary holds the hormones until stimulated by the nervous system to release them

Question 16

posteror pituitary hormones

Answer 16

• oxytocin

- antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

oxytocin

Answer 17

• stimulates contraction of the uterus during child birth

- triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation

Question 18

antidiuretic

Answer 18

• acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration
• also called vasopressin

Question 19

pancreas

Answer 19

• lies just behind stomach

- head tucked in curve of the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum) and its tail reaching to the spleen

Question 20

pancreas exocrine cells

Answer 20

secrete digestive enzymes into ducts that drain into the small intestine

Question 21

pancreas endocrine cells

Answer 21

• called pancreatic islets
• contain several different types of cells
• main ones being alpha cells, beta cells, and delta

Question 22

thyroid

Answer 22

• made up of tiny sacs called thyroid follicles
• follicle filled with thick fluid called thyroid colloid
• sells lining sacs secrete two hormones T3 and T4
• can store hormones for later
• resides in neck

Question 23

calcitonin

Answer 23

• storage of calcium in bones released if hyper calcium

- move calcium out of blood into bone

Question 24

parathyroid

Answer 24

• embedded in the posterior corners of the lobes of thyroid

- have 4 parathyroid

Question 25

PTH in bone

Answer 25

inhibits new bone formation while stimulating the breakdown of old bone, causing calcium (and phosphate) to move out of bone and into the blood

Question 26

PTH kidneys

Answer 26

- encourages kidneys to reabsorb calcium - blocking its excretion into the urine while promoting the secretion of phosphate - also promotes the kidneys to activate vitamin D- necessary for intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 27

after pth activates by the kidneys

Answer 27

- vitamin d allows the intestines to absorb calcium from food - calcium transported through intestinal cells and into the blood

Question 28

adrenal medulla

Answer 28

- contains modified neurons | - sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

adrenal cortex

Answer 29

- consist of 3 layers of glandular tissue