gastrointestinal function a&p

Question 1

alimentary tract (digestive tract)

Answer 1

tube that extends from mouth to anus

Question 2

what happens in digestive tract

Answer 2

consumption
digestion
elimination of food

Question 3

upper Gi tract

Answer 3

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach

Question 4

lower gi tract

Answer 4

small intestines
large intestines
anus

Question 5

hepatobillary system

Answer 5

liver gallbladder pancreas

Question 6

layers of digestive tract

Answer 6

mucosa
submucosa
muscle
serosa

Question 7

mucosa

Answer 7

mucous production

• protection- inning of gi
• motility- movement of food

inner most

Question 8

submucosa

Answer 8

connective tissue

• blood vessels
• nerves

Question 9

muscle

Answer 9

peristalsis

Question 10

serosa

Answer 10

anchor

Question 11

peritoneal cavity

Answer 11

abdominal cavity

Question 12

upper Gi tract

Answer 12

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach

Question 13

oral cavity

Answer 13

• consumption
• mastication- chewing
• salivary glands produce saliva
  + digestive enzymes begin chemical digestion
  + lubrication of food

Question 14

pharynx

Answer 14

passage of food from mouth to esophagus

• aspiration
• functions with both respiratory and gastro

Question 15

esophagus

Answer 15

upper esophageal sphincter
- prevents air from entering during respiration

lower esophageal spincter
- prevents back flow of acidic stomach contents

Question 16

stomach

Answer 16

storage of food

three parts
- fundus
- body: rugae- ridges from folding of wall alls stomach to expand
- pylorus- first part of small intestines
+ pyloric sphincter: opens/ relaxes food blows moves into duodenum

mucous linning

• gastric juices
• intrinsic factor

Question 17

lower Gi

Answer 17

small intestines
cecum
appendix
large intestines

Question 18

small intestines

Answer 18

longest section of Gi tract (20 feet)

function 
- finish digestion and begin absorption

Question 19

devision of small intestines

Answer 19

duodenum
jejunum
illeum
- muscular wall

mucous lining

• place: circular folds
• villi: cover plicae. expansion of surface area

Question 20

duodenum

Answer 20

c shape curve around pancreas

• most chemical digestion occurs here
• due to pancreatic ducts also most common place for ulcers

Question 21

jejunum

Answer 21

absorption of small nutrients

Question 22

ileum

Answer 22

final section

finishes absorption of vitamin b12, bile salts, any other product of digestion, water) appendix lives here

Question 23

cecum

Answer 23

• last portion of small intestines, start of large intestines
• small pouch: serves as reservoir

Question 24

appendix

Answer 24

• wormlike structure, tubular
• no important digestive function
• incubator/ breeding ground for nonpathogenic intestinal bacterial
• appendix

Question 25

large intestines (colon)

Answer 25

structure - larger in diameter than small intestines - 5 feet long - wall is composed of muscles to aid in peristalsis/ contraction to promote pooping - mucous membrane linning ``` function - absorption ``` division - ascending - transverse - descending - sigmoid

Question 26

heoatobillary structure

Answer 26

liver gallbladder ducts pancreases

Question 27

liver

Answer 27

fills RUQ, expands into LUQ function - secretes bile - removes broken-down Hgb from old RBC

Question 28

gallbladder

Answer 28

- reservoir for bile | - concentrate stores bile: reabsorbing water and putting it back into blood stream

Question 29

ducts: - hepatic - cystic - common bile

Answer 29

hepatic: bile drain out of liver cystic: bile enters and leaves gallbladder common bile: drains into small intestines into duedem

Question 30

pancreas

Answer 30

behind stomach ``` function - secrete pancreatic enzymes - digestion of carbs, proteins, lipids - neutralize acidity in gastric juices + sodium bicarbonate: alkaline neutralizes acid in gastric juices ``` hormone production - insulin- beta cells; lowers glucose - glucagon- alpha cells; raises glucose

Question 31

altered nutrition

Answer 31

conditions include issues consuming digesting and absorbing food - affected individuals are often underweight and vitamin deficient

Question 32

impaired elimination

Answer 32

conditions may be systems of another secondary condition or primary one - they may later neutron as well as impair elimination - diarrhea and constipation