Experimental design

Question 1

What are the 3 experimental designs?

Answer 1

Independent groups
Repeated measures
Matched pairs

Question 2

What are Independent groups?

Answer 2

Different participants are used for the 2 conditions of the IV

Question 3

What are repeated measures?

Answer 3

The same participants are used for both conditions of the IV

Question 4

What are matched pairs?

Answer 4

Different participants used for the 2 conditions but grouped by similar characteristics

Question 5

What are 2 strengths of Independent groups?

Answer 5

1. No order effects
2. Reduced demand characteristics

Question 6

What are 2 limitations of Independent groups?

Answer 6

1. Participant variables
2. More ppt needed

Question 7

What are 2 strengths of repeated measures?

Answer 7

1. Less ppt needed
2. No participant variables

Question 8

What are 2 limitations of repeated measures?

Answer 8

1. Order effects
2. Demand characteristics likely

Question 9

What are 3 strengths of matched pairs?

Answer 9

1. No order effects
2. No participant variables
3. Demand characteristics not likely

Question 10

What is 1 limitation of matched pairs?

Answer 10

1. Pre tests may be needed which are expensive and time-consuming

Question 11

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 11

Variables apart from the IV that may affect DV if not controlled

Question 12

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 12

Variables apart from the IV that have affected the DV

Question 13

What are the 2 types of extraneous variables?

Answer 13

1. Participant variables
2. Situational variables

Question 14

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 14

When participants guess the aim of the study

Question 15

What are order effects?

Answer 15

When participants do better/worse the second time

Question 16

What are investigator effects?

Answer 16

Anything the researcher does to influence the outcome
eg- body lang

Question 17

What is randomization?

Answer 17

Use of chance to reduce effects of bias

Question 18

What is standardization?

Answer 18

Where all participants are treated the same way

Question 19

What does random allocation reduce?

Answer 19

Participant variables
(independent groups)

Question 20

What is the procedure of random allocation?

Answer 20

Give each participant a number and use the random generator to group, 1st half does one condition, 2nd half does other condition

Question 21

What does counterbalancing reduce?

Answer 21

Probability of order effects

Question 22

What is the procedure of counterbalancing?

Answer 22

1. Divide the participant sample in half
2. 1st half does conditions in one order and 2nd half does in reverse order