final 2

Question 1

causes of fluid overload-5

Answer 1

1. excess fluid replacement
2. kidney/heart failure
3. long-term corticosteroid therapy
4. SIADH
5. polydipsia/water intox

Question 2

respiratory acidosis cause

Answer 2

hypoventilation

Question 3

metabolic acidosis cause-4

Answer 3

DKA, lactic acid, kidney failure, diarrhea

Question 4

alkalosis electrolyte-2

Answer 4

hypokalemia and hypocalcemia

Question 5

hypocalcemia signs-5

Answer 5

Ca below 9

-muscle spasm, tetany, C&T signs, QT/ST prolongation

Question 6

hypocalcemia treatment-5

Answer 6

seizure precautions, ECG
-calcium gluconate, vit D
treat hypomagnesia

Question 7

hypokalemia signs-6

Answer 7

less than 3.5

-muscle weakness, arrhythmia, U wave, constipation, hyporeflexia

Question 8

hypokalemia treatment-2

Answer 8

monitor resp

-IV potassium

Question 9

acidosis electrolyte

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

hyperkalemia signs-5

Answer 10

more than 5

-abdo cramps, muscle weak, diarrhea, arrhythmias-Tall T

Question 11

hyperkalemia treatment-3

Answer 11

glucose + insulin, diuretics, kayexolate

Question 12

phosphate and calcium

Answer 12

inverse relationship- one is high other low

Question 13

hypercalcemia signs-3

Answer 13

lethargy, constipation, QT short

Question 14

hypercalcemia treatment-2

Answer 14

calcitonin, lasix

Question 15

hyponatremia signs-5

Answer 15

N/V, low LOC, confusion, lethargy, seizures

Question 16

hyponatremia treatment

Answer 16

airway, reduce diuretics

• fluid excess->mannitol, fluid restriction
• fluid deficit->hypertonic solution (3 or 5% NaCl)

Question 17

hypernatremia signs-6

Answer 17

change in LOC, thirsty, ortho hypo, dry/flushed skin, twitching, seizures

Question 18

hypernatremia treatment-3

Answer 18

hypotonic solutions (0.225 or 0.45% NaCl), Na restriction, diuretics

Question 19

hypomagnesium signs-7

Answer 19

confusion, increase DTR, seizures, cramps, tremors, insomnia, tachycardia

Question 20

hypomagnesium treatment

Answer 20

magnesium sulfate

Question 21

hypermagnesium signs-7

Answer 21

flushing, lethargy, muscle weak, decreased DTR, decreased resp, bradycardia, hypotension

Question 22

hypermagnesium treatment-4

Answer 22

dialysis, IV calcium gluconate, diuretics, avoid antacids w Mg

Question 23

bicarb abnormal findings

Answer 23

increase- metabolic alkalosis->bicarbonate therapy

decrease- metabolic acidosis, diarrhea, pancreatitis

Question 24

hypotonic solutions

Answer 24

less than 280 mOsm

• 0.225% NaCl
• 0.45% Nacl

Question 25

isotonic solutions

Answer 25

280-300 mOsm | -LR, D5W

Question 26

hypertonic solutions

Answer 26

greater than 300 mOsm - 3 or 5% NaCl - D10W - dextrose pluse 0.45% or 0.9% NaCl

Question 27

TPN line requirement

Answer 27

central line

Question 28

midline IV

Answer 28

no low pH or high osmolarity

Question 29

dehydration treatment

Answer 29

D5W or hypotonic

Question 30

colorectal cancer prevention

Answer 30

fecal occult blood testing (5 years) and colonoscopy every 10 years after 50

Question 31

NG tube feedings best practice-5

Answer 31

``` check for residual q 4-6hrs add only 4 hr feeding at time label cans and refridgerate discard after 24 hrs no blue food coloring ```