hyponatremia
salt loss
SALT
Stupor/coma
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Lethargy
Tendon refles decreases
LOSS
Limp muscle weakness
Orthostatic hypotension
Seizures and headache
Stomach cramping
hypernatremia
FRIED, SWINE, SALT, MODEL
FRIED
Flushed skin Restlessness, irritability Increased fluid retention and BP Edema Decreased urine output, dry mouth
SWINE
Sleepy/lethargic (first sign) Weakness Irritability Neuromuscular excitability Edema
SALT
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst
MODEL causes
Meds and meals Osmotic diuretics Diabetes insipidus Excess water loss Low water intake -hyperaldosteronism