GI > gastroenteritis > Flashcards

gastroenteritis Flashcards

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1
Q

what does it cause

A

diarrhoea +/- vomiting

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2
Q

what treatment has reduced mortality rates

A

oral rehydration

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3
Q

who is at risk of infection

A
  • travellers
  • men having sex with men
  • infants in day-care
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4
Q

what virus causes outbreaks

A

norovirus

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5
Q

what do some people get post-infection

A

IBS

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6
Q

can e.coli cause diarrhoea

A

yes

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7
Q

what produces enterotoxins

A

by the bacteria adhering to the intestinal epithelium

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8
Q

what kind of diarrhoea does enterotoxins cause

A

watery

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9
Q

what enterotoxins are already in food

A
  • staph aureus

- bacillus cereus

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10
Q

what causes rice food poisoning

A

bacillus cereus

cooked rice left standing overnight at room temperature

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11
Q

what do cytotoxins damage

A

the intestinal mucosa

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12
Q

what causes watery diarrhoea

A

enterotoxins

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13
Q

what else does bacillus cereus and staph aureus cause

A

profuse vomiting

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14
Q

where is salmonella found

A
  • livestock

- oviducts of chicken (eggs)

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15
Q

what does salmonella produce that causes diarrhoea

A

enterotoxins

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16
Q

when does salmonella symptoms occur

A

12-48

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17
Q

symptoms of salmonella

A
  • nausea
  • cramping
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhoea
  • fever
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18
Q

characteristics of diarrhoea caused by salmonella

A

profuse and watery or bloody

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19
Q

how is salmonella diagnosed

A

culturing the organism from blood or faeces

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20
Q

what is treatment of salmonella

A

empirical and includes oral rehydration

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21
Q

what type of infection is campylobacter jejuni

A

zoonotic infection

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22
Q

what animals have campylobacter jejuni

A

poultry and cattle

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23
Q

what is the most common cause of outbreaks of diarrhoea

A

campylobacter jejuni

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24
Q

what are the sources of campylobacter jejuni outbreaks

A
  • undercooked meat (beefburgers)

- contaminated milk products and water

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25
how long is incubation period of campylobacter jejuni
2-4 days
26
symptoms of campylobacter jejuni
- nausea - diarrhoea - severe abdominal cramps
27
what is diarrhoea like in campylobacter jejuni
profuse and watery
28
diagnosis of campylobacter jejuni
stool cultures
29
treatment of campylobacter jejuni
azithromycin
30
what causes shigella
poor hygiene
31
when do symptoms start in shigella
24-48 hours
32
symptoms of shigella
- small-volume stools +blood | - dehydration
33
treatment of shigella
antibiotics - decreases severity | - ciprofloxacin
34
diagnosis of e.coli
stool culture
35
what type of infection is e.coli
zoonotic
36
what animals can cause e.coli
cattle
37
when does e.coli present
12-48 hours
38
symptoms of e.coli
- diarrhoea + blood - abdominal pain - nausea
39
what can patient develop in e.coli
- thrombotic thrombocytopenic | - haemolytic uraemic syndrome
40
treatment of e.coli
supportive
41
what happens if antibiotics is given to patient with e.coli
higher risk of developing HUS
42
what can staph aureus produce
heat-stable toxin
43
what causes staph aureus
poor food hygiene
44
how long does it take for symptoms in staph aureus
2-4 hours
45
symptoms of staph aureus
- violent vomiting | - profuse watery diarrhoea
46
when do symptoms stop in staph aureus
within 24 hours
47
symptoms of bacillus cereus
- vomiting | - watery diarrhoea
48
symptoms of clostridium difficile
- watery diarrhoea - haemorrhagic colitis - lower abdominal pain
49
what is clostridium difficile
- gram-positive - anaerobic - spore forming - found as part of normal bowel flora
50
what can cause c.difficile
antibiotic therapy
51
what can c.difficile cause
- intractable diarrhoea | - toxic megacolon
52
diagnosis of c.difficile
detect A or B toxins in the stools using ELISA
53
treatment of c.difficile
- metronidazole 3 times a day or vancomycin 4 times a day
54
what is main treatment for gastroenteritis
oral rehydration solutions
55
source of staph aureus
- humans | - contaminated food and water
56
incubation period of staph aureus
2-4 hours
57
symptoms of staph aureus
- diarrhoea - vomiting - dehydration
58
diagnosis of staph aureus
culture of organism
59
source of e.coli
- salads - water - ice
60
incubation period of e.coli
24 hours
61
symptoms of e.coli
watery diarrhoea
62
diagnosis of e.coli
stool culture
63
source of bacillus cereus
- rice - ice cream - chicken
64
incubation period of bacillus cereus
1-6 hours
65
symptoms of bacillus cereus
- vomiting | - diarrhoea
66
diagnosis of bacillus cereus
culture of organism in faeces
67
source of clostridium perfringens
- contaminated food
68
incubation period of clostridium perfringens
8-22 hours
69
symptoms of clostridium perfringens
- watery diarrhoea | - cramping pain
70
diagnosis of clostridium perfringens
culture of organism
71
sources of listeria monocytogenes
- milk - raw - vegetables - dairy products - unpasteurised cheese
72
symptoms of listeria monocytogenes
- colic - diarrhoea - vomiting
73
diagnosis of listeria monocytogenes
stool culture
74
source of salmonella
- cattle - poultry (eggs) - meat
75
incubation of salmonella
12-48 hours
76
symptoms of salmonella
- abrupt diarrhoea - fever - vomiting
77
diagnosis of salmonella
stool culture
78
source of campylobacter jejuni
- cattle - poultry - meat
79
incubation period of campylobacter jejuni
48-96 hours
80
symptoms of campylobacter jejuni
- diarrhoea + blood - fever - malaise - abdominal pain
81
diagnosis of campylobacter jejuni
stool culture
82
source of shigella
- contaminated food and water | - humans
83
incubation of shigella
24-48 hours
84
symptoms of shigella
- watery diarrhoea + blood
85
diagnosis of shigella
stool culture
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