Gynaecological Cancers Flashcards Preview

Oncology > Gynaecological Cancers > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gynaecological Cancers Deck (9)
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1
Q

What are some protective factors for ovarian cancer?

A

Oral contraceptive pill
Tubal ligation
Breast feeding
Ovulation suppression

2
Q

What are some genetic mutations pre-disposing to ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA 1- 15-45% risk of ovarian
BRCA 2- 10-20% risk of ovarian
HNPCC

3
Q

What are some pathological types of ovarian cancer?

A
Serous (80%)
Endometrioid (10%)
Clear cell (5%)
4
Q

Symptoms of ovarian cancer?

A

Asymptomatic until late stage

Abdo pain, constipation, diarrhoea, urinary freq, vaginal bleeding, ascites

5
Q

Stage of ovarian cancer?

A
Stage 1 - confined to ovaries
Stage 2 - extension into pelvis
Stage 3 - extension into peritoneum
Stage 4 - distant metastases
Ascites = stage c

Stage 1-2 = early
Stage 2-3 = advanced

6
Q

Management of early stage ovarian cancer?

A

Surgical resection to remove all visible disease
- BSO + TAH, omenectomy, appendectomy, lymphadenectomy

Adjuvant chemotherapy recommended in high risk disease (greater then 1a - confined to 1 ovary, grade 3, clear cell)
Carboplatin and paclitaxel

7
Q

Management of advanced ovarian cancer?

A

Cytoreductive surgery cornerstone of management
- better cytoreduction = correlates with better survival

Can consider neo adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with carbo/paclitaxel
Aiming for 6 cycles

8
Q

Management of relapsed disease?

A

Depends on progression free interval
Platinum refractory - relapse on treatment or within 4 weeks
Platinum resistant - within 6 months
Platinum sensitive - more then 12 months

Retrial platinum if sensitive
Otherwise use single sequential single agent chemotherapy

9
Q

What are risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A

Age - most common in post-menopausal women
Main risk factor is ovulation
- the more ovulation the highest risk
- nulliparous, early menarche, late menopause