HD/MS/ ALS

Question 1

What causes HD?

Answer 1

The overexpression of huntingtin

Question 2

Who is HD most likely going to affect?

Answer 2

Males, 30-50 y/o

Question 3

With HD, there will be a loss of cells in the ___.

Answer 3

striatum

Question 4

What is the first s/s of HD?

Answer 4

Uncharacteristic behaviors

Question 5

What are the s/s of HD?

Answer 5

• chorea
• uncharacteristic behaviors
• slowed saccadic eye movements
• dementia
• bradykinesia
• rigidity

Question 6

What comes first with HD… bradykinesia/rigidity or chorea?

Answer 6

chorea

Question 7

(true/false) HD is NOT genetic

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

definition: demyelinating disease of the CNS (attacking the oligodendrocytes)

Answer 8

MS

Question 9

(true/false) MS has a genetic component

Answer 9

true

Question 10

(true/false) MS is primarily a disease of neurons and not myelin

Answer 10

False

Question 11

(true/false) MS affects both the CNS and PNS.

Answer 11

False… just the CNS

Question 12

What are s/s of MS?

Answer 12

• sensory disturbance
• optic neuritis
• diplopia
• fatigue
• motor dysfunction
• coordination issues
• spasticity
• bowel and bladder urgency
• pain
• cerebellar dysfunction
• attn/cognition deficits
• emotional instability

Question 13

Changes in the ___ is most commonly used to diagnose someone with MS.

Answer 13

CSF

Question 14

MS Disease Progression Category:
- When the first neurologic symptoms present themselves

Answer 14

Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)

Question 15

MS Disease Progression Category:
- the stage where the majority of pts fall into

Answer 15

Exacerbating relapsing-Remitting

Question 16

MS Disease Progression Category:
- rare stage of MS

Answer 16

primary progressive

Question 17

Exscerbating relapsing-remitting stage of MS progresses to ______ stage.

Answer 17

secondary progressive

Question 18

What is the most common disease affecting the MN in the cortex and spinal cord?

Answer 18

ALS

Question 19

Who does ALS affect the most?

Answer 19

males, 50-70 y/o

Question 20

What is suspected as the cause of ALS?

Answer 20

excitotoxicity and free radical damage

Question 21

(true/false) ALS has both UMN and LMN symptoms.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

What are the s/s of ALS?

Answer 22

• weakness
• fasciculations that can be seen under the skin
• hyperreflexia
• spasticity
• problems with swallowing, speech, and respiration

Question 23

Most people with HD die from __ and ___.

Answer 23

pneumonia and aspiration

Question 24

ALS is found in more (proximal/distal) structures

Answer 24

distal

Question 25

ALS is (asymmetric/symmetric)

Answer 25

asymmetric

Question 26

Most people with ALS die within ___-__ years

Answer 26

3-5 years

Question 27

What is the usual cause of death for those with ALS?

Answer 27

respiratory failure