Peripheral Nerve Pathologies

Question 1

definition: affecting more than one individual nerve

Answer 1

multiple mononeuropathy

Question 2

definition: distal, graded, SYMMETRIC pattern involving peripheral nerves

Answer 2

polyneuropathy

Question 3

definition: lesion to one or more spinal nerves/roots

Answer 3

radiculopathy

Question 4

What are the general symptoms of peripheral nerve pathologies?

Answer 4

• paresthesias
• numbness
• burning/lancinating pain
• weakness

Question 5

What are clinical findings of peripheral nerve pathologies?

Answer 5

• motor weakness and atrophy
• ataxia
• autonomic NS involvement
• deformities
• skin changes
• decreased or absent DTRs
• sensory loss

Question 6

What is the distribution of sensory loss for a polyneuropathy?

Answer 6

stocking/glove

Question 7

What is the distribution of sensory loss for a spinal root?

Answer 7

dermatome

Question 8

What is the clinical triad for polyneuropathies?

Answer 8

• distal weakness
• distal sensory changes
• hyporeflexia

Question 9

What are the major causes of peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 9

• systemic illness (DM, uremia, hypothyroidism)
• toxic/metabolic
• inflammatory diseases (Guillian-Barre syndrome)
• infectious diseases (lyme disease, HIV/AIDS, Herpes Zoster)
• hereditary
• trauma

Question 10

definition: a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys.

Answer 10

uremia

Question 11

definition: A demyelinating neuropathy where the myelin in the PNS is being attacked

Answer 11

guillian-barre syndrome

Question 12

(true/false) Axonal degeneration can occur with guillian-barre syndrome.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What are the s/s of guillian-barre syndrome?

Answer 13

• painful paresthesia
• multifocal, symmetrical weakness
• respiratory and bulbar muscle involvement
• autonomic NS dysfunction (abnormal BP and arrythmias)
• loss of DTRs

Question 14

Guillian-Barre syndrome is most commonly seen in the (UE/LE) first.

Answer 14

LEs (but can be in both)

Question 15

Later stages of _____ can result in peripheral neuropathies.

Answer 15

HIV/AIDS

Question 16

definition: large fiber neuropathy

Answer 16

friedreich’s ataxia

Question 17

Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) Disease is an autosomal (dominant/recessive) disease

Answer 17

dominant

Question 18

What is the most common symptom of charcot marie tooth (CMT) disease?

Answer 18

weakness

Question 19

What are the s/s of charcot marie tooth disease?

Answer 19

• weakness
• pes cavus
• demyelination
• decreased proprioception, pain, and vibration

Question 20

When is the onset of charcot marie tooth syndrome most common?

Answer 20

late teens/young adulthood

Question 21

Re-myelination (is/is not) normal after a Peripheral nerve injury.

Answer 21

is not normal

Question 22

(true/false) correct sensory AND muscle re-connection after a peripheral nerve injury is not common.

Answer 22

Sensory does not normally make it back to the correct target

muscular connection is normally restored

Question 23

Proximal muscle weakness occurs with ___.

Answer 23

myopathies

Question 24

Distal muscle weakness occurs with ____.

Answer 24

neuropathies

Question 25

Wallerian degeneration of neurons commonly occur at the (proximal/distal) end of the axon

Answer 25

distal