Hindlimb

Question 1

Name 3 general regions of hindlimb

Answer 1

Thigh
Crus/shank
Pes

Question 2

Name bones 1-7

Answer 2

1.pelvis
2.femur
3.patella
4.tibia and fibula
5.tarsal bones
6.metatarsals
7.phalanges

Question 3

Name joints 1-5

Answer 3

1.hip/acetabular joint
2.stifle/knee/femorotibial, tibiofibular and femoropatellar articulations
3.tarsus/tibiotarsal, intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations
4.metarsophalangeal (MTP) joint/ fetlock
5.proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Question 4

Four bones of pelvis

Answer 4

1.ilium
2.ischium
3.pubis
4.acetabular bone in some species

Question 5

What bones does the pelvis articulate with?

Answer 5

Sacrum (sacroiliac joint)
Femur (hip joint)

Question 6

Name parts of pelvis

Answer 6

Pink = ilium
Purple = ischium
Yellow = pubis

Question 7

Name 1-9 bony landmarks of pelvis

Answer 7

1.wing of ilium
2.sacroiliac surface
3.tuber coxae
4.tuber sacale
5.acetabulum
6.pubic symphysis
7.obturator foramen
8.tuber ischii
9.ischial arch

Question 8

Function of obturator foramen

Answer 8

Obturator nerve runs through it

Question 9

Where does the sacrum sit on the pelvis?

Answer 9

Between wings of ilium and forms sacroiliac joint

Question 10

Name 1-8

Answer 10

1.round ligament
2.acetabulum
3.head of femur
4.greater trochanter
5.wing of ilium
6.tuber sacrale
7.tuber coxae
8.femur

Question 11

Name bone and 1-5

Answer 11

Femur
1.head
2.greater trochanter
3.neck
4.body
5.trochlea
4.

Question 12

Name bone and 1-10

Answer 12

Femur
1.head
2.greater trochanter
3.trochanteric fossa
4.lesser trochanter
5.lateral supracondylar tuberosity
6.medial supracondylar tuberosity
7.popliteal surface
8.lateral condyle
9.intercondylar fossa
10.medial condyle

Question 13

Name bone and 1-3

Answer 13

1.greater trochanter
2.third trochanter
3.lateral epicondyle

Question 14

Name 1-8

Answer 14

1.head
2.neck
3.greater trochanter
4.trochanteric crest
5.gluteal tuberosity
6.lesser trochanter
7.pectineal line
8.linea aspera

Question 15

Name 1-8 of acetabulum joint

Answer 15

1.ligament
2.cartilage (labrum)
3. Ligament (treres ligament)
4.synovial fluid
5.pelvis
6.synovial membrane
7.capsule
8.femur

Question 16

Name 1-5 of distal end of femur

Answer 16

1.medial epicondyle
2.lateral epicondyle
3.medial femoral condyle
4.lateral femoral condyle
5.trochlea

Question 17

Function of trochlea in femur

Answer 17

Patella runs smoothly over trochlea

Question 18

What does the distal femur join to?

Answer 18

Joins to tibia and fibula at stifle joint

Question 19

Where do the lateral and medial condyles sit in femur?

Answer 19

Sit on menisci on top of tibia

Question 20

What is the patella?

Answer 20

The cranial sesamoid of the stifle joint within the patella tendon

Question 21

What are the caudal sesamoids called?

Answer 21

Fabellae

Question 22

What joints make up the stifle joint?

Answer 22

-femororbital joint
-femoropatellar joint

Question 23

What 3 bones are involved in the stifle joint?

Answer 23

Three sesamoid bones:
-patella
-2 fabellae

Question 24

Where does the patella lie in the stifle joint?

Answer 24

In the tendon of the quadriceps muscle (dorsal)

Question 25

Where do the fabella lie in the stifle joint?

Answer 25

In the caudal aspect of the distal femur and are located in the tendons of the grastrocnemius muscle

Question 26

Function of the menisci in stifle joint

Answer 26

Help tibia fit with femur better - create cup shape

Question 27

Stifle joint - name 3 on A

Answer 27

Patella

Question 28

Stifle joint - name 2 on A and B

Answer 28

Fabellae

Question 29

Stifle joint - name 5 on A

Answer 29

Tibial tuberosity

Question 30

Stifle joint - name 10 and 17

Answer 30

Medial and lateral meniscus

Question 31

Stifle joint - name 11 and 13

Answer 31

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Question 32

Stifle joint - name 15 and 16

Answer 32

Cruciate ligaments

Question 33

What is the tibia?

Answer 33

Main weight bearing bone of the lower limb

Question 34

What does the tibia articulate with?

Answer 34

Femur

Question 35

What is the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 35

Proximal enlarged part of tibia

Question 36

What is the function of the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 36

Insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle

Question 37

What is the fibula?

Answer 37

Thing long bone, lateral to the tibia

Question 38

Name 1-8

Answer 38

1.tibial plateau 2.tibial tuberosity 3.fibular head 4.tibial crest/cranial border 5.interosseous space 6.shaft 7.medial maleolus 8.lateral maleolus

Question 39

Name 1+2 of tibia and fibula

Answer 39

1.lateral condyle 2.medial condyle

Question 40

Where does the patella ligament insert?

Answer 40

Tibial tuberosity on tibia

Question 41

Where does the Achilles/calcaneous tendon run down?

Answer 41

Calcaneus in tarsus/hock

Question 42

How many bones make up the tarsus?

Answer 42

7 short bones

Question 43

What are the proximal bones of the tarsus?

Answer 43

-Tibial tarsal or talus (sits medially) -fibular tarsal or calcaneus bone (sits laterally)

Question 44

What is the tuber calcanei in the tarsus?

Answer 44

A large caudal projection on the calcaneus (point of the hock) - Achilles tendon

Question 45

What do the tarsal bones articulate with?

Answer 45

Tibia and fibula at point of hock

Question 46

Name 1-8

Answer 46

1.calcaneus 2.talus 3.plantar process 4.central tarsal bone 5.IV tarsal bone 6.I tarsal bone 7.I metatarsal bone 8.II metatarsal bone

Question 47

What is the metatarsus?

Answer 47

-similar to metacarpal bones but slightly longer -only 4 metatarsal bones

Question 48

Digits of the tarsal bones

Answer 48

-similar to forelimb but only 4 digits present (II-V) -each digit has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)