Hybrid Regimes

Question 1

Illiberal democracies are what

Answer 1

1. Democratically elected regimes that
2. Routinely
   
   1. Ignore constitutional limits to power
      
      2. Deprive citizens of basic rights and freedoms

Question 2

Democracy and liberalism

Answer 2

Historically two separate traditions

1. Democracy
	a. Government selection
		i. Free/fair elections'
2. Constitutional liberalism
           a. Guarantee of individual rights

Question 3

What are liberal autocracy

Answer 3

Mostly in past
Eg.
Britain (1830): rule of law/property of rights BUT only 2% could vote
Hong Kong until 1997 (appointed governor)

Question 4

What is illiberal democracies

Answer 4

• Overemphasis on multiparty elections after Cold War
• Some so-called democratic governments believe have absolute sovereignty claiming to represent the people
• Usurpation of power/rights (power is taking power away)
  • Horizontal: from other branches
  • Vertical: from local governments, private businesses, citizens
• More likely in presidential systems with strong leaders

Question 5

Concept limitation

Answer 5

Illiberal democracy is useful but vague and potentially misleading concept
- Are these countries really democratic, even if a diminished form?
- If not, how do we distinguish between more and less democratic regimes vs authoritarian regimes
Different label: hybrid regime