Ideology

Question 1

why is ideology significant

Answer 1

it plays a role in politics

Question 2

what is ideology

Answer 2

system of ideas/beliefs of what world should look life

Question 3

what relationships of ideology entail

Answer 3

a relationship between:

• individual and state
• state and the economy

Question 4

why is ideology importance

Answer 4

• it’s a set of beliefs that brings policy preferences together
  THUS
• parties are based on ideology

Question 5

why aren’t ordinary people not ideological?

Answer 5

• no interested in politics
• interested, but don’t have time
  RELY ON HEURISTICS

Question 6

define heuristics

Answer 6

factors that influence how you vote

eg. “the American Voter” (1960)
- republican b/c of parents
- democrats b/c union leaders voted for

Question 7

ideology and leaders

Answer 7

some are more ideological/some not

Question 8

what are different ideological families

Answer 8

liberalism, socialism, communism

Question 9

what is liberalism

Answer 9

freedom from absolute power characterized by:

1. constitutions
2. elected assemblies for
   
   • limit government power
   • guarantee individual rights

Question 10

what are liberalism’s policy preferences

Answer 10

• politics: representative democracy
• market economy: limited government
• social/moral issues
  general usage: individual freedom of every aspect

Question 11

difference of us liberalism and in general

Answer 11

general: freedom ||||| US: economic intervention

Question 12

what is facism

Answer 12

• founded my Melessolin (1922)
  eg. Italy, Francos’s Spain, Nazi Germany
• primary importance of state that represents nation
• strong nationalism

Question 13

what is facism on an individual

Answer 13

• limited rights
  - limit freedom of SPEECH, MEDIA, ASSEMBLY
• anti-democratic
  - strong dictator -> promotes national unity/protects nation from opposing liberalism

Question 14

what is often the economy in fascist states

Answer 14

state capitalism

• production/use of capital controlled
• state chooses what to do with private property

Question 15

what is socialism (old view)

Answer 15

• based on Marxist philosophy
• struggle between elite/capatlists & labor/workers
• revolution needed to change ways
  eg. russia, china, vietnam, cuba

Question 16

what are the historical beliefs of socialism

Answer 16

• collective ownership of property -> owned by state/workers

- collective management of economy -> state decides wages prices, NO MARKET

Question 17

what is the difference between socialism and communism

Answer 17

communism = revolution only way to power
socialism = elections/parliament to power

Question 18

what is socialism (today)

Answer 18

• socialism = social democracy that accepts liberal principles
  1) democracy -> elections to parliament
  2) modified capitalism
  - private ownership in market economy
  - unions -> negotiate with business
  - welfare of state = government intervention