Industry Flashcards

Question

Bhilai Iron and Steel centre: water?

Answer 1

Tandula river

Answer 2

is connected with Kolkata-Nagpur rly lines NH-6 (Surat-Kolkata)

Answer 3

situated in Sundargarh district of Odisha one of the three steel plants set up under The hindustan Steel Ltd during the second FYP operational in 1959 set up with the help of west German Firm, Krupps and Demang

Answer 4

Sundargarh and Keonjhar districts

Answer 5

Jharia coalfields and Talcher for coal HE power from Hirakud Power project

Answer 6

1. Barajmda 2. Baradwar and Purnapani

Answer 7

Brahmani river Koel river Sankh river

Answer 8

loacted on main Nagpur-Kolkata rly line port facilities at Kolkata NH-6 nearby (NH-23 connects NH6 and NH2 on which lies Bhilai, Rourkela and Ranchi)

Answer 9

1. in Bardhaman district in WB 2. set up in 1959 with the help of UK

Answer 10

Bolani mines, Mayurbhanj

Answer 11

Jharia and Raniganj HE from Damodar Valley Corp

Answer 12

1. Keonjhar 2. Birmitrapur

Answer 13

Durgapur barrage built across Damodar river

Answer 14

Kolkata-Asansol rly links NH-2 also nearby

Answer 15

in the Hajaribagh district of JH estab with collab of USSR It is the largest Iron and Steel making facility in the country

Answer 16

Kiriburu mine, Odisha

Answer 17

Jharia coal field HE from DVC

Answer 18

1. -------- 2. Palamu, JH

Answer 19

Bokaro is located near the confluence of Bokaro and Damodar rivers

Answer 20

NH-2 Kolkata port

Answer 21

produces special grade steel and is a major producer and exporter of world class steel also has blanking facility to cater to the minting demands of the govt state of the art tech and high automation, requiring less labour

Answer 22

present in the region itself high grade iron ore with low Sulphur and Phosphorus content

Answer 23

HE from nearby Mettur dam

Answer 24

from the region itself

Answer 25

not mentioned, I guess nearby Mettur dam

Answer 26

at Tornagal in Hospet in Bellary district of KN special feature of producing mild steel

Answer 27

Sandur range in the Hospet region itself

Answer 28

Kanhan valley in CHH and Singareni coal fields in AndhraP HE from Tungabhadra Hydel project

Answer 29

in the region itself

Answer 30

tungabhadra

Answer 31

lies on NH-63

Answer 32

first shore based steel plant in India Most sophisticated modern integrated steel plant in the country major export oriented plant

Answer 33

Bailadila area of CHH

Answer 34

well connected to coal fields of Damodar valley Metallurgical coal is also imported from Australia plans for natural gas from Krishna Godavari basin

Answer 35

supplies from nearby regions in CHH, MP and Odisha

Answer 36

lies on coast

Answer 37

lies on NH-5 first shore based steel plant in India major export oriented plant coastal location facilitated import of coal and export of iron and steel

Answer 38

1. US$41.7 billion by value and expected to reach USD 65 bn by 2024, and USD 120-130 bn by 2030; only 1500 cr turnover in 1980 2. Contributes 1.72% to India's GDP 3. world's 3rd largest by overall volume, 13th largest in terms of value. 4. world's largest provider of generic medicines globally, with 30% and 3.5% share of total global pharmaceutical exports by volume and value respectively to more than 200 countries and territories in 2021, including highly regulated markets of the USA, West Europe, Japan, and Australia (40% of generic demand in the US and 25% of all medicine in the UK). called ‘Pharmacy of the World’. However, India accounts for less than 1% share in the new molecular entity space. 5. Growth rate @10% 6. exports revenue was US$17.28 billion in FY18 and US$19.14 billion in FY19. reached 24.5Bn$ in FY21 7. India has the second-highest number of US FDA approved plants outside the US. 8. Indian pharmaceutical industry meets over 50% of global demand for various vaccines. India has exported more than 65 mn doses of Covid vaccines to nearly 100 countries in 2021. Presently, over 80% of the antiretroviral drugs used globally to combat AIDS are supplied by Indian pharmaceutical firms. 9. presently abt 250 units in organizzed sector, 5 of them in public sector: IDPL, HAL, SSPL, BCPL and BIL 10. [**Fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs**](https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/328-fixed-dose-combinations-drugs-banned-by-government) (where two or more drugs are combined in a set ratio in a single dose form) is considered an innovation of India’s national pharmaceutical industry. FDC are being used in the treatment of diseases like HIV, for Parkinson’s disease and in contraceptive pills.

Answer 39

India is 3rd largest market for APIs globally, 8% share in the Global API Industry, 500+ different APIs are manufactured in India and it contributes 57% of APIs to prequalified list of the WHO. India imports 80% of APIs from China. India now depends on China fully for these ingredients to make not only advanced drugs but also essential medicines like paracetamol, metformin, aspirin and a range of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin. Aatmanirbhar Bharat

Answer 40

Up to 100%, FDI has been allowed through automatic route for Greenfield pharmaceuticals projects. For Brownfield pharmaceuticals projects, FDI allowed is up to 74% through automatic route and beyond that through government approval. The cumulative FDI equity inflow in the Drugs and Pharmaceuticals industry is USD 18.5 Bn during the period April 2000 to September 2021. This constitutes 3.31% of the total FDI inflow received across sectors

Answer 41

post independence phenomenon: only processing and formulations were done in India and bulk of the drugs were imported origin with setting up of Penicillin factory at Pimpri in Pune in early 1950s and establishment of INdian drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd with plants at Rishikesh and Hyderabad in 1960s

Answer 42

* INdian Drugs and Pharmaceutical Ltd (IDPL): * estab in 1961 * plants at Rishikesh (synthetic drugs), Chennai (surgical instruments), Gurugram (formulation), Hyderabad (synthetic drug) and Muzaffarpur (drugs and chemicals intermediaries) * Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd (HAL) * estab in 1954 * units at Pimpri in Pune * produces Penicillin, Strptomycin * Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd (BCPL): * estab in 1981 * units at Maniktala (WB), Panihati (WB), Kanpur and Mumbai * Bengal Immunity Ltd * Smith Stainstreet pharma Ltd

Answer 43

1. Lack of capabilities in innovation space: India is rich in its manpower and talent but still lags in innovation infrastructure. Challenges in achieving innovation * **Complex and protracted approval** processes (nod for development of new drugs in India takes 33-63 months versus 11-18 months in developed countries). * **Lack of robust process guidelines** (Indian websites list 24 guidelines compared to over 600 at the USFDA). * **Lack of transparency** (the US has an established pre-submission process and a time bound stage-gate process). * **Inadequate capacity/capability** (there are considerable enhancements needed across regulatory bodies in India). * **Limited governance** (Indian authorities currently only track the number of applications and approvals). * **A limited innovation mindset** (India is risk averse compared to most global bodies, for example in the approval of clinical trials). 2. dependence of other countries for APIs 3. Hollowing Out: While India today is preferred low-cost producer and exporter of simpler off-patent formulations, the road taken is ‘hollowing out’ manufacturing **(in raw material: API)** and hampering the productive and competitive thrust of domestic firms. 4. **Quality compliance inquiry:** India has undergone the highest number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspections since 2009; therefore, continuous investment for upgrading quality standards will distract the capital away from other areas of development and growth is reduced. 5. Lack of stable pricing and policy env 6. spurious medicines: **Fake versions of high value and/or high volume brands.** * in a study found that thousands of FDCs on the market made up of formulations never approved for marketing by the national regulator, the CDSCO, and that were likely to be more harmful than beneficial to patients. 7. Price Capping

Answer 44

1. Cost Efficiency: low cost of production and R&D * India has one of the lowest manufacturing costs in the world – lower than that of the U.S. and almost half of the cost in Europe. 2. economic drivers 1. high economic growth 2. increasing penetration of health insurance 3. policy support: IN June 2021, FM announced additional outlay of Rs 197000 cr that will be utilised over 5 yrs for pharma PLI scheme in 13 key sectors such as APIs, drug intermediaries and key starting materials 4. increasing investments: FDI inflow in Indian pharma sector stood at ~US$ 18 Bn betn April 2000 and dec 2020

Answer 45

* India should look up to and invest in biotechnology. India’s biotechnology industry, comprising biopharmaceuticals, bio-services, bio agriculture, bio-industry and bioinformatics is expected to grow at an average rate of around 30% a year and reach $100 billion by 2025. * To ensure health security of Indian people, revival of R&D and public sector API manufacturers is necessary. For example, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) should be promoted to invest in R&D. * India needs user friendly government policy for the common man to establish small scale, raw material manufacturing units/ incubators in all states of the country to improve availability of raw materials to manufacture generic drugs at affordable rates. * There is a need for a functional testing laboratory in every state to fasten the work of specification of raw materials. * Skilled manpower from academic institutions can be achieved through continuing education programmes. * The regulatory policies need to be improved, especially in the area of patent, price control and to boost the pharma sector growth.

Industry Flashcards

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