Significance of Anima Husbandry/Livestock sector in India?
- Animal husbandry refers to livestock raising and selective breeding. It is the management and care of animals in which the genetic qualities and behaviour of animals are further developed for profit.
- India is the highest livestock owner of the world.
- It is a major risk mitigation approach for small and marginal farmers, particularly across the rain-fed regions of India.
- It is at the centre of poverty alleviation programs from equity and livelihood standpoints.
- Livestock productivity has been identified as one of the seven sources of income growth by the Inter-Ministerial Committee under the government’s target of doubling farmers’ income by the year 2022.
- As per the Economic Survey-2021, the contribution of Livestock in total agriculture and allied sector Gross Value Added (at Constant Prices) has increased from 24.32% (2014-15) to 28.63% (2018-19).
Livestock Census
- Conducted periodically since 1919-20
- Covers all domesticated animals and its headcounts in rural as well as urban areas
- by Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying
- 2019: 20th report
- findings:
- Total Livestock population is 535.78 million- an increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census-2012
- Total Bovine population (Cattle, Buffalo, Mithun and Yak)-302 Million in 2019- an increase of about 1% over the previous census.
Cattle populatio in India?
total number of cattle in the country is 192.49 million in 2019 (155 mn in 1951) showing an increase of 0.8 %. Largest in terms of absolute no.~ 20% of world’s total no. of cattles
population of the total Exotic/Crossbred Cattle has increased by 26.9 % in 2019.
A decline of 6 % in the total Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle population over the previous census.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission?
It was initiated in 2014 with a focus on the conservation and development of indigenous breeds and improve their genetic makeup.
The scheme is implemented on 100% grant-in-aid basis. The components include:
- Establishment of integrated indigenous cattle centres – Gokul Gram
- Establishment of breeder’s societies – Gopalan Sangh
- Gopal Ratna award to Farmers and Kamadhenu award to breeders’ societies
- National Kamdhenu Breeding Centres are being established as Centres of Excellence
- Provision for capital subsidy up to Rs. 2 cr for setting up breeding farm with at least 200 milch cows/ buffalo using latest breeding technology.
- E-Pashu Haat- An e-market portal connecting breeders and farmers to provide quality- disease free bovine germplasm
- Pashu Sanjivni: An Animal Wellness Programme with the provision of animal health cards along with UID identification
Rashtriya Gokul Mission: Entrepreneurship promotion?
- The breed multiplication farm component : Provision for capital subsidy up to Rs. 2 cr for setting up breeding farm with at least 200 milch cows/ buffalo using latest breeding technology. This breeding farm will break even from the first year of the project after induction of milk in animals.
- the strategy of incentivising breed multiplication farm will result in the employment of 1 lakh farmers.
- The grassroots initiatives in this sphere will be further amplified by web applications like e-Gopala that provide real-time information to livestock farmers on the availability of disease-free germplasm in relevant centres, veterinary care, etc.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission: Gokul Gram?
integrated cattle development centres ‘Gokul Grams’ to develop indigenous breeds including up to 40% nondescript breeds.
- To promote indigenous cattle rearing and conservation in a scientific manner.
- To propagate high genetic merit bulls of indigenous breeds.
- To optimize modern Farm Management practices and promote Common Resource Management.
- _To utilize animal waste in economical way_e. Cow Dung, Cow Urine.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission: National Kamdhenu Breeding Centre?
Under RGM, two “National Kamdhenu Breeding Centres” (NKBC) are being established as Centres of Excellence to develop and conserve Indigenous Breeds in a holistic and scientific manner.
The main objectives NKBC are as follows:
- Conservation, promotion and development of 41 species of cattle and 13 species of animals.
- 1000 High Genetic Merit Indigenous animals will be maintained at each centre of all registered breeds
- Each centre will be set up in about 1000 hectares for this purpose. Machinery for making modern semen centres, veterinary clinics, Biogas plants, arrangements of balanced diet, gumutra and dung materials etc. will also be established.
- Apart from this, arrangements for Vermi-Compost, Silage Pit, Training, Milk Processing etc. will also be arranged.
- Special emphasis on development of extinct species
- Marking the characteristics of all species and early evolution
National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)?
NPDD scheme is targeted towards installation of about 8900 bulk milk coolers, thus providing benefit to more than 8 lakh milk producers and 20 LLPD (Lakh Litres Per Day) milk will be additionally procured.
- Under NPDD, financial assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) will be available thus strengthening and creating fresh infrastructure in 4500 villages.
National Livestock Mission?
Launched in 2014-15 seeks to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement in livestock production systems and capacity building of all stakeholders.
The scheme is being implemented as a sub scheme of White Revolution - Rashtriya Pashudhan Vikas Yojana since April 2019.
Obj:
- Sustainable growth and development of livestock sector, including poultry
- increasing availability of fodder nd feed
- Promoting applied research in prioritized areas of concern in animal nutrition and livestock production
- provide quality extension service to farmers, skill based training and dissemination of technologies
- Promoting initiatives for conservation and genetic upgradation of indigenous breeds of livestock (except bovines which are being covered under another scheme of the Ministry)
- Providing infrastructure and linkage for marketing, processing and value addition as well as risk mgmt
The mission is organised into the following four Sub - Missions:
- Sub missoin on Livestock Development
- Sub Mission on Pig Development in NE
- Sub Mission on Feed and Fodder development
- Sub Mission on Skills development, Tech transfer and Extension
Entrepreneurship programme under NLM?
- The poultry entrepreneurship programme of the NLM will provide for capital subsidy up to Rs.25 lakh for setting up of a parent farm with a capacity to rear 1,000 chicks. Thereafter, the chicks can be supplied to local farmers for rearing. This is expected to provide employment to at least 14 lakh people.
- In the context of sheep and goat entrepreneurship, there is a provision of capital subsidy of 50% up to 50 lakh. An entrepreneur under this model shall set up a breeder farm, develop the whole chain will eventually sell the animals to the farmers or in the open market.
Livestock Sector package (July 2021)?
aim: To boost growth in the livestock sector and thereby makinganimal husbandry more remunerative to 10 crore farmers engaged in Animal Husbandry Sector.
CG will spend Rs. 9,800 crore on livestock development over the next five years in a bid to leverage almost Rs. 55,000 crore of outside investment into the sector.
All the schemes of the Department Animal Husbandry & Dairying will be merged into three broad categories as:
- Development Programmes: It includes Rashtriya Gokul Mission, National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD), National Livestock Mission (NLM) and Livestock Census and Integrated Sample Survey (LC & ISS) as sub-schemes.
- Disease Control Programme: It is renamed as Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH & DC) which includes the present Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH & DC) scheme and National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP).
- Infrastructure Development Fund: The Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development fund (AHIDF)and the Dairy Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) are merged and the present scheme for support to Dairy Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organizations engaged in Dairy activities is also included in this third category.
