m/J 2019

Question 1

Describe the characteristics of a floodplain.

Answer 1

• The floodplain is flat and wide.
• Soil is fertile as well

Question 2

State two ways that land on a floodplain is used.

Answer 2

• agriculture
• industry

Question 3

Monsoon ……………… blow towards the heart of the …………………. in
…………………. . They blow towards the sea in ………………………… .

Answer 3

• Monsoon winds blow towards the heart of the continent in summer. They
  blow towards the sea in winter

Question 4

Describe the causes of the southwest monsoon.

Answer 4

• Heavy rain causes poor visibility and accidents
• Roads become rivers cannot travel to work or school
• Flights are cancelled, so there is a negative impact on trade

Question 5

Rivers are an important resource for human settlement and economic activity, but flooding is an increasing problem that can hinder development. Read the following two views about ways to manage flooding in Pakistan:

A: More flood management schemes are needed along rivers to prevent floods.

B: Flooding brings benefits, so rivers should be allowed to flood naturally.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.

Answer 5

Building more flood management schemes:

• Many people killed/injured;
• Homes/farms/businesses destroyed
• Floods hinder development as they constantly have to rebuild/replace
  infrastructure

Allowing rivers to flood naturally:

• Rivers provide nutrients to the soil, so good for farming
• Should not build on the floodplain
• The cost of management/flood protection is high

Question 6

Name two fishing ports on this coastline

Answer 6

• Karachi
• Gwadar

Question 7

State two uses of fish.

Answer 7

• Fish waste for fertiliser
• eating

Question 8

Fish that are caught and sold for profit are known as ………………………………..
fishing. Many families depend on this type of fishing for their main source
of ………………………………… Fish that is caught by the family for their own
consumption is known as ……………………………….. fishing. Many people
who live near the coast rely on fish as the main component of their
………………………………..

Answer 8

• Fish that is caught and sold for profit is known as commercial fishing. Many
  families depend on this type of fishing as their sole source of income. Fish
  that is caught by the family for their own consumption is known as
  subsistence fishing. Many people who live near the coast rely on fish as the
  main component of their diet

Question 9

Describe three fishing methods used in marine waters

Answer 9

• Traditional sailboats
• Dynamite
• Trawlers

Question 10

What is a fish farm?

Answer 10

A fish farm is a (rectangular) artificial pool /

Question 11

Describe the characteristics of a fish farm.

Answer 11

• Rectangular
• Man-made
• Trees planted around the fish farm.

Question 12

4 examples of marine and inland/freshwater fish.

Answer 12

MARINE FISH:

• Shark
• Drum
• Croaker
• Ray

Inland fish:

• Grass carp
• Thalla
• Manaseer
• Rahu

Question 13

Explain two problems caused by the fishing industry on the natural environment. You should develop your answer.

Answer 13

• Water pollution caused by the spillage of oil from the fishing boats
• Overfishing removes young fish and causes a reduction in species

Question 14

Fishing is an important and growing economic activity in Pakistan. Read the following two views about ways to develop the fishing industry in Pakistan sustainably:

A: Developing inland fish farming has greater
benefits for the people, and economy, and is more sustainable.

B: Developing marine fishing has greater benefits for the people and economy, and is more sustainable.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.

Answer 14

Developing inland fish farming:

• Greater return to fishermen
• Increased employment
• Use of technology and upgrading of skills will ensure increased fish production

Developing the marine fishing industry:

• Improved facilities are being developed along the coast for preservation and storage
• Infrastructure facilities provided at Gwadar, Ormara, and Pasni
• Ice factories and cold storage were developed at Gwadar

Question 15

Name three gas-producing regions in Pakistan.

Answer 15

• Sui
• Lower Sindh
• Northern Sindh

Question 18

Explain one way of transporting natural gas to parts of Pakistan not served by the pipelines and one limitation of this method. You should develop your answer.

Answer 18

METHOD OF TRANSPORT:

• LPG can be placed into (special) cylinders
• The cylinders can then be transported to all parts of Pakistan

Limitation:

• hazardous to transport gas cylinders by road
• It is more expensive to transport gas by road rather than by pipeline

Question 18

Using Fig. 3.1 and your own knowledge, describe the distribution of the natural gas pipeline network in Pakistan.

Answer 18

• Large areas are not served by natural gas via the pipeline
• Direction from any specified place or feature
• Runs from the coast in the south to the tip of the Northern Regions

Question 19

Name two other sectors that use natural gas

Answer 19

• Cement industry
• Transport

Question 20

To produce electricity in a ……………………………… power station, ……………………………… such as
coal, oil or gas are burned to make ……………………………… that moves the ……………………………… to generate electricity. Transformers control the voltage and transfer electricity to pylons through ……………………………… lines.

Answer 20

To produce electricity in a thermal power station, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or gas are burned to make steam that moves the turbines to generate electricity. Transformers control the voltage and transfer electricity to pylons through transmission lines.

Question 21

The natural gas field discovered at Sui is considered to be one of the largest in the world. Additional smaller gas fields have since been discovered and developed in Pakistan. To what extent is further development of the natural gas industry possible in Pakistan? Give
reasons to support your judgment. You should consider different points of view in your
answer.

Answer 21

Possibilities:

• More pipelines and gas-fired thermal power stations could be set up
• Potential for more gas fields to be found
• The pipeline could be extended further to areas currently not served

Difficulties:

• Financial constraints/loans may have to be taken out
• Topography and/or climate may hinder or make it difficult the build more pipelines or further
  exploration
• The cost of exploration and/or building thermal power stations will not be value for money