O/N 2022

Question 1

Describe the pattern of annual rainfall.

Answer 1

• uneven/varied
• high/er rainfall in the north
• Lower rainfall in the south

Question 2

Name rivers U, V, and W

Answer 2

• U = River Sutlej
• V = River Dasht
• W = River Indus

Question 3

Four natural features of a floodplain.

Answer 3

• flat land/plain land
• fertile soil/alluvium/silt
• wide
• active (floodplain)

Question 4

Explain two ways that floodplains influence human activity. You should develop your answer.

Answer 4

• Floodplains have the river close by, which provides water for industry
• Floodplains are wide so there is space to grow crops

Question 5

Describe two impacts of the cyclone

Answer 5

• strong winds
• trees being damaged

Question 6

Scientific evidence suggests that cyclones are likely to continue to increase in severity and frequency across South Asia due to climate change.

Evaluate the influence of storms such as cyclones on secondary and tertiary industries in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied.
You should consider different points of view in your answer.

Answer 6

Likely to influence secondary & tertiary industries negatively because:

• Industries may be flooded
• high cost of repairs/clean-up operations to the industry
• industries, e.g., shops, may lose trade/have to close down

Influence will be limited because:

• Storm management schemes can protect coastal areas from the
  impacts of storms, e.g., planting mangroves along the coastline
• Building coastal defences can protect nearby industries, e.g.
  embankments/sea walls
• flood warnings/warning system for employees and tourists to follow

EVALUATION:

• Although the severity and frequency of storms are increasing in the south
  Asia, Pakistan, is rarely badly affected by them

Question 7

What is meant by the term ‘tertiary occupation’?

Answer 7

A job providing a service/working in the service sector.

Question 8

Name two examples of a tertiary occupation

Answer 8

• Transport work examples: train driver/pilot, etc.
• Tourism examples: waiter/tour guide, etc.

Question 9

State two advantages and two disadvantages of the informal sector to the tourist
industry in Pakistan.

Answer 9

Advantages:

• Self-employed
• Can pay low wages

Disadvantages:

• Unprofessional image created
• Some areas of the informal sector use child labour

Question 10

suggest why X is a good location for a hotel.

Answer 10

• Close to a large park for leisure
• Near to industrial areas for people on business trips
• Near main road for transport links to all major parts of the city

Question 11

state two natural attractions of the area shown

Answer 11

• sandy
• flat land

Question 12

Suggest how tourists may use the area

Answer 12

• relaxing
• photography
• swimming

Question 13

Explain two approaches used by governing authorities to promote industrial growth in Pakistan. You should develop your answer

Answer 13

• Pakistan industrial development corporation (PIDC). To invest in (large-scale) industries, e.g. textiles/cement, these were transferred to private
  sector once set up
• Nationalization of industries, stimulated industrial activity
  such as iron and steel to encourage linked industries

Question 14

A: Pakistan could develop
more large-scale manufacturing industries to increase GDP.

B: Pakistan could develop
tourism further to increase GDP

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.

Answer 14

A: for developing manufacturing:
- Will utilize Pakistan’s own raw materials

A: against developing manufacturing:
- international markets are competitive, e.g. goods from China available at lower costs

B: for developing tourism:
- Pakistan has many natural and cultural attractions

B: against developing tourism:
- Tourism tends to be seasonal and there is no money generated out of season

Question 15

What is the birth rate at its highest point?

Answer 15

43 – 45 per thousand

Question 16

What is the death rate at its highest point?

Answer 16

27 – 28 per thousand

Question 17

What happens to the total population in stage 2?

Answer 17

Rises

Question 18

State three reasons for a reduction in the death rate in stages 2 and 3 of the DTM.

Answer 18

• Improvements in hygiene or examples of that, e.g. clean/drinking water
• Improved sanitation/introduction of sewage systems
• improved housing/shelter or examples of that, e.g. electricity

Question 19

Explain two reasons why birth rates are high in Pakistan. You should develop your
answer.

Answer 19

• (religious) beliefs as people have many children
• strong desire for sons to carry on the family name

Question 20

Describe how birth rates are being reduced in Pakistan.

Answer 20

• More people want to have fewer children
• more people are literate

Question 21

Suggest three likely changes to Pakistan’s population structure over the next 50 years

Answer 21

• fewer babies being born
• fewer young dependents
• increasing older/elderly dependents

Question 22

A: Reducing infant mortality in Pakistan is the best way to slow the rate of population growth in the future.

B: Increasing family planning in Pakistan is the best way to slow the rate of population growth in the future

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.

Answer 22

Reducing the infant mortality will slow the population growth rate because with a reduction in infant mortality people will choose/need to have fewer children.

HOWEVER, IT WONT:

• some people will still have large families so that their children can work for them

Increasing family planning will help slow the population growth rate because there is more access to family planning clinics.

HOWEVER IT WONT:

• Males are still the decision makers in some families

EVALUATION:

• view A will be achieved by implementing view B, therefore view B is a better starting point for slowing population growth