Paper 2 May/Jun 2022

Question 1

Suggest two reasons why developing a large airport on the Balochistan Plateau may be difficult.

Answer 1

• mountainous
• expensive

Question 2

Fig. 1.2 only, describes the location of the airport.

Answer 2

• in-between two rivers
• in between two canals
• accessed by Jamrud Road

Question 3

State two improvements that have recently taken place in air communications in Pakistan.

Answer 3

• more frequent flights
• budget airlines

Question 4

Describe two features of large-scale industry.

Answer 4

• requires a large area of land
• convert raw materials into (manufactured) goods

Question 5

suggest two advantages of locating a new large-scale industry at W.

Answer 5

• in large cities, there is a nearby source of workers
• river/canal nearby for a constant water supply

Question 6

Explain how large-scale industries can increase economic development in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.

Answer 6

• provides jobs
• more output/goods will be produced
• produce high-value/manufactured goods
• increase in/large amount of exports

Question 7

SOURCES:

A - Building new international airports in Pakistan has the most potential to increase trade and development.

B - Improving existing international seaports in Pakistan has the most potential to increase trade and development.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer

Answer 7

SOURCE A:

• employees can be trained/skilled workforce
• The cost of improving/building international airports is high and could outweigh any financial gains

SOURCE B:

• the infrastructure is already built so it will cost less to improve seaports than building airports.
• the ports are already developed but motorways and railways connecting to the ports would need to be further improved which is expensive

Question 8

state two features of the Thar desert shown.

Answer 8

• Sandy soil
• large/vast area

Question 9

Explain how desert areas influence the development of road networks in
Pakistan. You should develop your answer

Answer 9

• large/vast areas; Materials need to be transported over long distances making construction expensive
• unstable land
• Lack of nearby construction workers
• lack of power supply

Question 10

Describe the effect of latitude on day length and temperature in Pakistan

Answer 10

DAY LENGTH: (Pakistan is in the northern hemisphere so) it is tilted towards the sun; therefore has more daylight hours during summer

Temperature: southern Pakistan is closer to the equator; so has higher temperatures than northern Pakistan

Question 11

Which of the following factors causes seasonal variations in Pakistan’s climate?

Answer 11

• Air pressure
• Wind direction

Question 12

Describe the characteristics of an arid climate in Pakistan

Answer 12

• hot/extreme heat
• cool nights
• high evaporation rate

Question 13

In 2019, more than 1.2 million people experienced food shortages in the south of Pakistan due to drought. Evaluate the extent to which extremes of climate influence the lives of people and the economy in Pakistan.

Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

Answer 13

extremes of climate negatively/have great impact on the lives of people and the economy such as:

extreme rainfall and flooding:

• can result in many deaths
• the amount of monsoon rain cannot be predicted

lack of rainfall and high temperatures:

• can affect many people over a widespread area
• can happen slowly over a period and the effects are not felt until much later

Question 14

identify two features of the mine

Answer 14

• low ceiling
• dim light

Question 15

how coal is extracted from the type of mine

Answer 15

• coal is dug out
• tracks are laid

Question 16

Define ‘renewable’ and ‘non-renewable’

Answer 16

• renewable are infinite, for example, hydel, solar, wind
• non-renewable are finite, for example, coal, gas, oil

Question 17

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity using solar power. You should develop your answer.

Answer 17

• solar is a renewable resource
• the amount of power generated per solar panel is quite small; may need
  several to power a home

Question 18

Pakistan plans to generate 60 percent of its power using renewable energy by 2030, yet coal-fired power stations are being rapidly developed. In 2016 there was one coal-fired power station and by 2019 there were nine, providing 15 percent of Pakistan’s electricity supply.

To what extent is it possible for Pakistan to generate more of its power from renewable energy? Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

Answer 18

It is not possible to produce more electricity from renewable resources:

• Pakistan already has power stations set up to use coal/oil/gas
• continuing to use reserves of coal/oil/gas is cheaper than setting up alternatives from scratch

It is possible to produce more electricity from renewable resources:

• once set up, running costs are low, making them more sustainable
• labor is available to work on the construction/maintenance of renewable power stations

Question 19

three main types of farming in Pakistan

Answer 19

• cash crop
• Livestock
• small-scale subsistence

Question 20

describe the distribution of the areas within southern and western Pakistan where the livestock is mainly kept

Answer 20

• throughout the country/widespread
• in all provinces (on the map)
• mainly in Balochistan

Question 21

State one major use for each of the crops below:
cotton
rice
tobacco

Answer 21

cotton: Making clothes
rice: Nutrition
tobacco: Cigars

Question 22

Explain how the natural factors of soil and climate affect the growth of cotton. You should develop your answer.

Answer 22

Soil:

• Should be fertile for the crop to grow
• The pH of the soil should be neutral

Climate:

• The ideal temperature for cotton is hot
• Mild night-time temperatures are needed

Question 23

Define ‘population distribution

Answer 23

it is the pattern of where people live

Question 24

Describe the distribution of the districts within the southern and western
Pakistan with over 4 percent annual population change

Answer 24

• uneven distribution
• near international borders with Iran
• mostly in Balochistan

Question 25

Two reasons for the annual population change

Answer 25

- International migration - rural to urban migration

Question 26

State two reasons for the growth of tent cities in Pakistan

Answer 26

- overcrowding - migration

Question 27

Describe four problems faced by many people living in tent cities

Answer 27

- rubbish piles - overcrowded - little protection from weather - lack of security

Question 28

Explain two strategies that could be used to improve living conditions in existing tent cities in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.

Answer 28

- build hospitals for vaccinations against diseases/illnesses - supplying running water to each house to reduce the chance of catching disease

Question 29

SOURCES: A Reducing death rates and the spread of disease in Pakistan is the best way to develop the economy further. B Improving literacy rates and educational provision in Pakistan is the best way to develop the economy further. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.

Answer 29

Agree with A because: - fewer people will be ill so can go to work - government won’t have to spend as much money on hospital care Disagree with A because: reducing death rates will lead to higher unemployment Agree with B because: - improved literacy rates and educational provision will lead to a more skilled workforce. Disagree with B because: - literacy rates tend to be higher in city areas so development will be uneven