Masonry

Question 1

The unit of measurement of water vapor transmission through a material, based on the number of grains of water vapor at a given pressure differential?

Answer 1

Perms. Vapor retarders are rated in perms.

Question 2

A canvas or plastic tube with a nozzle in the end that holds and applies grout?

Answer 2

Grout bag.

Question 3

How far can a typical 4’ wide, by 12” deep concrete core slab extend?

Answer 3

36’

Question 4

How much strength does concrete gain after its first week of curing?

Answer 4

70% of its strength

Question 5

T/F Brick should be wetted before setting to minimize water absorption.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

When can not you use concrete bonding agent?

Answer 6

If you are using a vinyl concrete-patching mix instead patching compound.

Question 7

What are the advantages of silica fume in concrete?

Answer 7

Increased compression strength Increased modulus of elasticity Increased durability Increased permeability

Question 8

What does the A represent in Type IA, Type IIA, Type IIIA cement?

Answer 8

Air Entraining

Question 9

Masonry tool that spreads adhesive in tight or awkward places such as corners?

Answer 9

Marging trowel.

Question 10

A method of field measuring of the stiffness of fresh concrete usually performed with a cone shaped device?

Answer 10

Slump test. More water in the mix means higher slump and weaker concrete. Both the type of concrete ordered and psi will affect slump.

Question 11

What is the architectural concrete finish called where a high pressure water jet mixed with air is used to remove some of the mortar and expose the aggregate

Answer 11

Water Jet

Question 12

What is the architectural concrete finish called where you have a rugged heavy texture by removing a portion of the surface made with form liners. The type of texture depends on the liner

Answer 12

Bush Hammering

Question 13

How many days does it take for high early strength concrete to reach its 28 day strength?>

Answer 13

7-14 days

Question 14

After what amount of time should masonry that was mixed be discarded?

Answer 14

2.5 Hours after it was mixed, because at this point the masonry has begun the chemical process

Question 15

What is the architectural concrete finish called where shaped with liners of plastic wood or metal. Parallel rib liners are a common type. Joints and form tie holes are treated as desired either left exposed or patched.

Answer 15

Form Liner

Question 16

Mixture of Portland cement or any other hydraulic cement, fine-aggregate, coarce aggregate, and water, with or without admixtures?

Answer 16

Concrete.

Question 17

What is a fibrous admixture?

Answer 17

glass or steel fibers that when added to concrete increase its flexural stress.

Question 18

What is the architectural concrete finish called where finishes include the application of other materials such as stucco or concrete?

Answer 18

Applied

Question 19

what is the ideal water to cement ratio?

Answer 19

.45-.50 avg. .35-.40 min.

Question 20

What shall be placed if the walkway concrete abuts a solid structure such as a house foundation?

Answer 20

An extension joint.

Question 21

What are the aggregates in insulating concrete?

Answer 21

pumice, or cinders

Question 22

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted and scrubbed with a wire or fiberbrush to remove some of the surface mortar and expose the coarse aggregate?

Answer 22

Scrubbed

Question 23

Why would fly ash be specified as an addmixture in concrete?

Answer 23

It is a sustainable material left over from the coal burning process that increases the strength, decreases permeability, reduces temperature rise, increases sulfate resistance, and improves work-ability. It can also decrease the amount of cement required.

Question 24

Expansion and control joints are placed where in brick masonry walls?

Answer 24

Every 20’ and wherever a wall changes direction height of thickness

Question 25

Conditions requiring a set of plans and specifications created by a registered (licensed) design professional and beyond the prescriptive requirements of the IRC

Answer 25

Design required.

Question 26

What type of mortar would be best in an exterior load bearing application?

Answer 26

Type M and S

Question 27

What are 6 different types of add mixtures that can be added to concrete?

Answer 27

Air entraining agents Accelerators Plasticizers Retarders Waterproofing Fly Ash

Question 28

For buildings with unbalanced basements, the ratio of length to width

Answer 28

Aspect ratio.

Question 29

What are the three grades of facing brick

Answer 29

FBX- Best FBS- Middle FBA- Lowest

Question 30

What is the spacing of horizontal reinforcement in both CMU and brick masonry walls?

Answer 30

16" on center

Question 31

The slope of coping on top of a brick wall is called...

Answer 31

wash

Question 32

what are the 8 types of tooling in masonry construction?

Answer 32

concave, vee, flush, trowel struck, extruded, beaded, raked, weather struck

Question 33

A fine tooth saw with an offset handle used to remove grout from seams?

Answer 33

Grout saw.

Question 34

Classification assigned to buildings based on location and severity of earthquake ground motion expected at the site?

Answer 34

Seismic design category.

Question 35

What is the equivalent block thickness of an 8" thick concrete block that is 60% solids?

Answer 35

Actual thickness is 7 5/8" (7.625) (7.625)(.60) = 4.58

Question 36

That portion of a building that is between the upper surface of one floor and below the upper surface of the next floor above or the roof?

Answer 36

Story.

Question 37

What is the architectural concrete finish called that is produced by removing surface material from the concrete exposing the aggregate to varying degrees as specified by light medium or heavy.

Answer 37

Sand Blasted

Question 38

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted and rubbed with a carborundum brick to produce a smooth uniform color and texture?

Answer 38

Smooth

Question 39

What is the slope of the coping called?

Answer 39

The wash

Question 40

What is the minimum clear airspace for a masonry wall?

Answer 40

2" while sometimes less with a rainscreen

Question 41

What holds wire mesh in the midpoint of the concrete's depth of walkway?

Answer 41

Wire supports.

Question 42

What is silica fume?

Answer 42

The byproduct of computer manufacturing it has EXTREMELY HIGH strength and low permeability

Question 43

Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties?

Answer 43

Admixture.

Question 44

The finished ground level adjoining the building at all exterior walls?

Answer 44

Grade.

Question 45

Heavy-gauge string woven not to stretch, used to set finish height and widths for masonry, carpentry and deck installation?

Answer 45

Mason's string.

Question 46

How thick is the carbon fiber grid, in carbon fiber concrete, and how much stronger is it than steel mesh?

Answer 46

0.04 in thick and 7 times stronger

Question 47

Fine aggregates are those that pass through a _______ seive?

Answer 47

number 4

Question 48

How much strength can concrete lose when it freezes while curing?

Answer 48

0.5

Question 49

Control joints in masonry accommodate _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 49

Thermal expansion and contraction.

Question 50

A coating intended to protect against the passage of water vapor through walls or other building elements

Answer 50

Damp proofing.

Question 51

Concrete containing microscopic air cells to relieve internal pressure on the concrete from expansion of water when it freezes

Answer 51

Air-ietrained. Typical air-entrained concrete contains 5%- 8% of air by volume.

Question 52

A horizontal grouted element within masonry embedded with reinforcement?

Answer 52

Bond beam.

Question 53

A term for walls designed to resist racking and distortion from wind or seismic forces?

Answer 53

Shear wall.

Question 54

In rebar what does the S or W mean?

Answer 54

S - Carbon steel W - Low alloy steel

Question 55

A strip of plaster or other material placed on a surface as a guide to thickness?

Answer 55

Screed, (skrYd).

Question 56

A file used to finish custom cuts on ceramic tile?

Answer 56

Abrasive stone file.

Question 57

Structural concrete with no reinforcement or with less reinforcement than the minimum amount specified for reinforced concrete?

Answer 57

Plain concrete.

Question 58

Major Expansion joints are placed every ________ to ________ feet in large buildings?

Answer 58

100' to 150'

Question 59

A knife with two pointed blades for scoring ceramic tile?

Answer 59

Tile scorer.

Question 60

What is a pozzolan?

Answer 60

A varicose natural/artificial material with similar properties to cement

Question 61

Punctures and fractures ceramic tile to ease removal, (??????)?

Answer 61

Point punch.

Question 62

Names of stucco coats?

Answer 62

1. Scratch. 2. Brown. 3. Finish.

Question 63

With Single wythe walls what is the maximum ratio of unsupported height or length to thickness cannot exceed?

Answer 63

20:1 in solid masonry walls 18:1 in hollow masonry

Question 64

Trowel for finishing work in tile and masonry installations?

Answer 64

Pointing trowel.

Question 65

What type of cement would be best when tuck pointing a masonry wall?

Answer 65

High lime cement

Question 66

What is the architectural concrete finish called where grout is applied over the concrete and smoothed out to make the appearance uniform and conceal defects?

Answer 66

Grout cleaned

Question 67

How can you break a tile for replacement?

Answer 67

1. Remove the grout around with a grout saw. 2. Score a tile repeatedly on the diagonals with a carbide scoring tool and straight endge until the line is 1/16" deep. Strike in the middle with a point punch and hammer. Break u[ the rest of it with a cold chisel.

Question 68

A level that attaches to mason's string to set horizontal planes over long distances?

Answer 68

Line level.

Question 69

Tool powered by a bullet-like cartrig for driving special nails into concrit or other hard surfaces?

Answer 69

Stud driver.

Question 70

Marking tool for surfaces that resist pencil lines such as tile or metal, mark is removable, ( ????????)?

Answer 70

Grease pencil.

Question 71

How long after masonry is placed should the wall be struck?

Answer 71

1-2 hours

Question 72

When shall you clean the grout from tile?

Answer 72

After 15 minutes with a scrub pad and water.

Question 73

What are the 4 types of masonry joints that are good in exterior applications?

Answer 73

Weathered Joint Concave Joint Vee Joint Flush Joint

Question 74

What is efflorescence?

Answer 74

A white, crystalline deposit from water-soluble salts on the surface of brick. It is caused when water seeps into the masonry and then evaporates leaving behind salts.

Question 75

Tool defines level over long distances with a battery-powered electronic sensor?

Answer 75

Water level.

Question 76

T/F High water to cement ratios decrease the strength of concrete.

Answer 76

TRUE

Question 77

What are the advantages of plasticizers?

Answer 77

Greater workability and they increase the strength of the concrete by reducing the concretes need for water.

Question 78

Permanent marking tool for surfaces that resist pencil lines such as tile or metal?

Answer 78

Felt marker.

Question 79

Min width of concrete or masonry footings for poorly-graded sands soil with load-bearing value 2,000 psf and 4-in brick veneer over frame for 2 stories house?

Answer 79

16".

Question 80

Single-family dwelling unit constructed in groups of tree or more attached units in which each unit extends from foundation to roof and with open space on at least two sides?

Answer 80

Townhouse.

Question 81

Granual material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic cement concrete or mortar?

Answer 81

Aggregate.

Question 82

Reinforcing mesh in slab?

Answer 82

Min 6x6 - 10X10 welded wire mesh between center. and upper third of slab secured in place during pour.

Question 83

What are the aggregates in lightweight concrete?

Answer 83

Expanded clays, slags, and shales

Question 84

Load produced by use and occupancy of the building and not including wind, snow, rain, earthquake, flood, or dead loads?

Answer 84

Live loads.

Question 85

That part of the building which is more than 6 feet above grade for more than 50% of the total building perimeter or more than 2 feet above ground at any point?

Answer 85

Story above grade,

Question 86

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted with muriatic acid to expose and bring out the full color of the aggregate?

Answer 86

Acid Wash

Question 87

Min thicknes of slab-on-ground floors?

Answer 87

3-1/2".

Question 88

How do you size aggregate in concrete?

Answer 88

Aggregate should not be larger than 3/4 the size of the spacing of the rebar. or larger than 1/3 the depth of the slab

Question 89

What is mortar made of?

Answer 89

Portland Cement, hydrated lime, and an inert aggregate (sand)

Question 90

What are the average thickness for mortar joints?

Answer 90

1/4"-1/2"

Question 91

Concrete cast in one continuous operation with no joints, such as a footing and floor slab, or a footing and foundation stem wall?

Answer 91

Monolithic.

Question 92

What are the advantages for Air Entraining concrete?

Answer 92

Great for cold climates, and pavings, increases workability, and increases concretes resistance to freeze thaw cycles

Question 93

What do construction joints in masonry do?

Answer 93

Isolate the masonry from the through wall elements such as doors and windows.

Question 94

Materials that protect walls or other building elements from the passage of moisture as either vapor or liquid under hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 94

Waterproofing.

Question 95

Common method of measuring concrete strength

Answer 95

PSI, (pound per square inch).

Question 96

What is the typical spacing for weep holes?

Answer 96

24" on center

Question 97

Masonry veneer requirements?

Answer 97

1.Flashing sloped to drain. 2. Weep holes max 33 in. o.c. 3. Min 1" air space. 4. Metal ties max 24 " o.c.

Question 98

Horizontal expansion joints should be placed where?

Answer 98

below shelf angles that support the intermediate sections of brick below beams and slabs of brick

Question 99

Why is aluminum not used in flashing applications?

Answer 99

Because the chemical reaction that occurs between mortar and aluminum can disintegrate.

Question 100

What are the three grades of building brick?

Answer 100

SW (Oregon and Eastern coast of US) MW (Midwest most of Washington) NW (Southern US, New Mexico Oklahoma Texas)

Question 101

Type of concrete?

Answer 101

Type 1 - it is normal Portland cement and is used in most residential construction. Type 2 - it is used for structures in water or soil containing moderate amounts of sulfate or when heat buildup is a concern. Type 3 - It is used when high early strength is desired. It is not common in single-family residential construction. Type 4 - It is low heat Portland cement and is used when the amount and rate of heat generation must be kept to a minimum. It is not common in single-family residential construction. Type 5 - It is sulfite resistant Portland cement and is used when the water or soil is high in alkali.

Question 102

What is the ideal temperature range for laying brick?

Answer 102

40 degrees - 90 degrees