Midterm - Cerebrovascular System

Question 0

Where do most strokes occur

Answer 0

Arteries, not veins!

Question 1

When does brain damage become irreversible

Answer 1

Vascular interruption for 4-6 minutes

Question 2

External carotid artery

Answer 2

Supplies blood to facial muscles, forehead, orbital, oral and nasal cavities

Question 3

Internal carotid artery

Answer 3

Major source of blood to the brain

Question 4

Agnosia

Answer 4

Unable to identify or describe things

Question 5

ACA

Answer 5

Anterior cerebral artery
Supplies surfaces of prefrontal, frontal, and parietal lobes
Above corpus callosum

Question 6

Symptoms of ACA interruption

Answer 6

Paralysis and sensory loss in legs and feet

Prefrontal lobe symptoms of reduced thinking, reasoning, memory, and impaired planning/executive functioning

Question 7

MCA

Answer 7

Middle cerebral artery

Supplies blood to entire lateral surfaces including speech language and sensorimotor areas

Question 8

Symptoms of a MCA interruption

Answer 8

Contralateral hemiplegia (weakness), impaired sensory functions, aphasia, temporal visual spatial deficits, involuntary movements. 
Hypertension is common cause of bleeding

Question 9

Cerebrovascular accidents

Answer 9

Sudden development of focal neurological deficits

Question 10

2 types of cerebrovascular accidents

Answer 10

1) occlusive vascular pathology : thrombosis and embolism

2) hemorrhagic strokes : bleeding from ruptured vessels

Question 11

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 11

Temporary blood interruptions to brain, resolving in minutes to hour.

Question 12

Thrombosis

Answer 12

Narrowing of an arterial lumen due to gradual accumulation of lipids, platelets, calcium deposits, and fatty particles in the blood

60% of CVAs

Question 13

Embolism

Answer 13

Occlusion of smaller artery
Broken plaque away from a thrombus
Occurring during period of activity and awake hours
30% of CVAs
Symptoms - none/possible headaches/seizures

Question 14

Hemorrhage

Answer 14

Ruptured weak blood vessels
Bleeding under pressure of constant blood flow
Aneurysm or AVM; 10-15% of CVAs
No earning sings, sudden onset of neurological symptoms

Question 15

Extra/subdural hematoma

Answer 15

Develops from trauma or injury

Rupture of blood vessel between dura mater and skull

Question 16

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 16

Bleeding of an AVM or aneurysm

Question 17

Aneurysm

Answer 17

Local dilation of artery due to weakness in vessel wall

Question 18

Arterivenous malformation (AVM)

Answer 18

Congenital or fetal circulatory vascular malformation involved tangled dialated arteries and veins
With age, may rupture due to think walls

Question 19

Symptoms of AVM

Answer 19

Seizures
Recurrent headaches
Language impairments 
Motor speech problems 
Visual disorders
Sensory loss
Hemiplegia

Question 20

Goal of treatment for vascular disease

Answer 20

Decreasing morbidity
Restoring normal blood circulation
Reduction in post stroke complications
Treatment dependent on: location of the brain and disease of nature (occlusive or hemorrhagic)

Question 21

Blood brain barrier

Answer 21

First line of defense for the brain

Regulates arterial permeability in CNS vessels

Question 22

Abrupt onset vs gradual symptoms

Answer 22

Abrupt onset - CVA

Gradual symptoms - mass lesion (tumor)

Question 23

Choroid plexus

Answer 23

Produces CSF

CSF circulates in ventricles in subarachnoid space

Question 24

What absorbs CSF

Answer 24

Arachnoid granulation

Question 25

Hydrocephalus

Answer 25

Increased CSF pressure Enlarged ventricles Affects cortical functions

Question 26

Surgical treatment for hydrocephalus

Answer 26

Tube/shunt creating a valve system to regulate pressure | Prevents the collapsing of the brain