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Mitochondria Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

Where does electron transport take place?

A

In four large protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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2
Q

Which enzymes of metabolism are contained in the mitochondria?

A

1) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
2) TCA enzymes
3) Fatty acid oxidation enzymes
4) Electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation enzymes

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3
Q

How much of eukaryotic cell volume do mitochondria take up?

A

20% (about 200 mitochondria per cell)

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4
Q

What kind of membrane does mitochondria have?

A

Smooth outer membrane and extensively invaginated inner membrane.

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5
Q

Where are electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes located?

A

They are bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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6
Q

What is the space in the mitochondria that is bound by the inner membrane and is comprised of a gel-like solution containing many metabolic enzymes (and other cofactors, genetic material, etc)?

A

Matrix (enclosed by inner membrane)

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7
Q

What are the invaginated folds of mitochondria called?

A

Cristae

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8
Q

What proteins located in the outer mitochondrial membrane allow free diffusion of molecules up to 10kD?

A

porins

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9
Q

How much of the mass of the inner membrane of the mitochondria is comprised of proteins?

A

75%

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10
Q

True or false: the mitochondria is richer in proteins than the cytosol.

A

True

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11
Q

True or false: The intermembrane space of the mitochondria is richer in concentration of metabolites and ions than the cytosol.

A

False; porins in the outer membrane allow free diffusion of molecules up to 10 kD.

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12
Q

Which molecules are allowed to freely travel across the inner mitochondrial membrane? How do other molecules move back and forth?

A

O2, CO2, H2O; all other molecules require transport proteins

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13
Q

How do ATP, ADP, pyruvate, Ca2+, and phosphate get across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Via transport proteins

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14
Q

What results in the compartmentalization of metabolic functions between the cytosol and the inner mitochondria?

A

Controlled permeability (creating an ion gradient) of the inner membrane

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15
Q

Which molecules are allowed to travel freely across the outer mitochondrial membrane?

A

Any up to 10 kD (via porins)

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16
Q

Where in the mitochondria do most of the reactions of the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

17
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

18
Q

What is the significance of the cristae (folds) of the mitochondial inner membrane?

A

It increases the surface area of the mitochondria, creating more sites for oxidative phosphorylation.

19
Q

True or false: The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to almost all ions and polar molecules (they cannot simply diffuse).

20
Q

What is the membrane potential on the cytoplasmic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane?

21
Q

What is the membrane potential on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane?

22
Q

What kind of ion gradient is created by the selective permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Proton gradient