Mono: Depth Perception

Question 1

What is a depth cue that is available even when the world is viewed with only one eye?

Answer 1

Monocular depth cue

Question 2

How is depth perception in monocular individuals?

Answer 2

Robust depth perception

Question 3

What pictorial depth cue is described: viewing a scene that includes objects whose size can be compared to each other

Answer 3

Relative size

Question 4

The object that produces the smaller retinal image size is perceived as ____________.

Answer 4

Farther away

Question 5

The relative size cue can tell us how far away different objects are relative to each other, but it can’t, on its own, tell us what about objects?

Answer 5

How far away any of the objects are

Question 6

What pictorial depth cue is described: the cue is used when viewing objects of a known size

Answer 6

Familiar size

Question 7

How does viewing a railroad create an illusion of depth?

Answer 7

Retinal image size of the rail separation in the background is smaller than for the foreground

Question 8

When comparing object distance of objects that sit on texture, distance can be accurately judged by comparing it to the ????

Answer 8

Texture that the object happens to be sitting on

Question 9

Our brain is usually more interested in objects in the ____________.

Answer 9

Foreground

Question 10

Interposition can occur when the view of a scene is ___________________.

Answer 10

Partially obstructed

Question 11

Clarity may act as a depth cue because unobscured objects in a picture or actual scene may be perceived as _____________ than those that are obscured.

Answer 11

Closer

Question 12

Fog, smoke, rain and smog may also act as interposing elements that _________ the view of objects, causing them to appear ____________.

Answer 12

Obscure

More distant.

Question 13

How can light falling on an object cause a sense of depth?

Answer 13

When light falls on an object, the object casts a shadow that is interpreted as falling behind the object.

Question 14

How can an observer view an object located on the floor at a distance and judge its distance?

Answer 14

The object makes an angle with the horizon (eye level) and the visual system uses this angle to determine object distance.

Question 15

Motion parallax results when a moving observer fixates on an object, while noticing the ____________________________________.

Answer 15

relative motion of surrounding objects

Question 16

Motion parallax demo: fixating on the distant target while moving your head sideways, will cause the near target to appear as it moves in ______________ direction of your head.

Answer 16

Opposite

Question 17

Motion parallax demo: fixating on the near target while moving your head sideways, will cause the distance target to appear as it moves in ______________ direction of your head.

Answer 17

Same

Question 18

4 main branches of monocular cues to depth perception

Answer 18

• Pictorial
• Motion parallax
• Accommodation
• Angular declination

Question 19

Pictorial depth cues

Answer 19

• Relative Size
• Familiar size
• Linear Perspective
• Texture
• Interposition
• Clarity
• Lighting and Shadow

Question 20

Binocular vision depth thresholds are about a factor of ___________ better than monocular thresholds.

Answer 20

10

Question 21

Binocular vision impairment will affect patients with ___________.

Answer 21

Amblyopia

Question 22

Binocular vision impairment will lead to reduced accuracy in moving from _________ to _________.

Answer 22

One terrain to other

Question 23

How will impairment in binocular vision impact sports?

Answer 23

Cause more difficulty in sports

Question 24

_____ - ______ % of the population lacks stereoscopic depth perception, called ____________.

Answer 24

3-5%

Stereo blindness.

Question 25

What is a binocular depth cue that allows the visual system to determine that an object is distant to the fixated object?

Answer 25

Retinal disparity

Question 26

When distant light rays strikes the retina nasally to the fovea, retinal disparity is said to be __________.

Answer 26

Uncrossed

Question 27

When near light rays strikes the retinal temporal to the fovea, the retinal disparity is said to be __________.

Answer 27

Crossed

Question 28

___________ is the important contributor to depth perception at near distances.

Answer 28

Stereopsis

Question 29

Retinal disparity produces stereopsis only if it is small enough to allow __________.

Answer 29

Fusion

Question 30

If the retinal disparity is too large, the images fall on retinal positions that signal grossly different directions, resulting in __________________.

Answer 30

Physiological diplopia

Question 31

Our visual system compensates for differences in retinal image size by taking into account the relative _________ of an object, a phenomenon referred to as ______________.

Answer 31

Distance ## Footnote size constancy.

Question 32

When judgements of distance are erroneous, such as when viewing a flat picture, what will happen to size constancy and the result?

Answer 32

Size constancy may fail, resulting in a size illusion.

Question 33

Why does size constancy fail when judging distances of images?

Answer 33

Because monocular depth cues provide incorrect information regarding relative distance.

Question 34

When viewed on the horizon, the moon appears _________ than when viewed at its zenith.

Answer 34

Larger

Question 35

Muller-Lyer Illusion: lines that appear to form an outgoing corner is judged as ____________ than the line that appears to form an ingoing corner.

Answer 35

Farther away

Question 36

In a typical stereopsis test, what is determined?

Answer 36

The minimum amount of disparity required to perceive depth.

Question 37

Threshold disparity is referred to as the patient's ____________.

Answer 37

Stereo-acuity

Question 38

What is the competition between the two eyes for control of visual perception?

Answer 38

Binocular Rivalry

Question 39

What type of attention is described: attention to stimuli in this world (our primary concern)

Answer 39

External attention

Question 40

What type of attention is described: to attend to one line of thought as opposed to another

Answer 40

Internal attention

Question 41

What type of attention is described: directing your eye at a stimulus

Answer 41

Overt attention

Question 42

What type of attention is described: directing your attention to so,etching on your table while reading a page of information

Answer 42

Covert attention

Question 43

What type of attention is described: Reading text while continuing to be aware of music playing in the room. Texting and driving is also an example.

Answer 43

Divided attention

Question 44

What type of attention is described: Observing an experiment in the lab, or patient in the Phoropter.

Answer 44

Sustained attention

Question 45

What type of attention is described: The ability to pick one out of many stimuli.

Answer 45

Selective attention

Question 46

3 types of visual search

Answer 46

1. Feature search 2. Conjunction search 3. Spatial configuration search

Question 47

What type of search is a search from item to item until the target is found?

Answer 47

Serial self-terminating search

Question 48

Search in which attention can be restricted to a subset of possible items on the basis of information about the target item's basic features.

Answer 48

Guided search (Ex: find the big, rounded, red tomatoes).

Question 49

What is the important factor for the eye to decide what to see?

Answer 49

Which stimulus is more salient to the early stages of cortical visual processing.

Question 50

What visual attention disorder occurs when a person will completely block a specific side of their visual space?

Answer 50

Neglect

Question 51

Stereopsis is an important depth cue for ________ distances, it is less important at ____________ distances.

Answer 51

Near Greater/farther away than arms length.