Block 09 > Mono: Motion Perception > Flashcards

Mono: Motion Perception Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Changes in the spatial distribution of light, over time can lead to the perception of ___________

A

Motion

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2
Q

Motion is processed along a specialized visual pathway, the ______________________

A

Dorsal processing stream ( mango pathway)

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3
Q

When spatially separated lights are sequentially flashed with an appropriate interval between flashes, what type of motion is elicited?

A

Stroboscopic motion or Phi phenomenon

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4
Q

The experience of apparent motion is highly dependent on what two variables?

A

Physical separation of the two stimuli
Alternation rate of the two images

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5
Q

A movie would flicker if the presentation rate is __________ the critical flicker fusion frequency

A

Below

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6
Q

CFF in periphery is ______ than at fovea

A

Twice

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7
Q

Linear exchange of light for dark is referred to as ____________ stimuli for motion

A

First-order

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8
Q

The motion of an object that is defined by changes in luminance

A

First-order motion

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9
Q

Stroboscopic stimuli and sine-wave gratings are used to study ________________ processing

A

Local motion

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10
Q

Consider a bright stimulus that moves across the visual field, as it moves, the stimulus sequentially __________ the receptive fields of visual neurons in its path

A

Activates

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11
Q

Complex first-order stimuli that require the integration of motion cues across a wide expanse of visual space can be presented with ___________________

A

Random dot kinematograms

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12
Q

What is the smallest percent coherence that results in the perception of motion in a defined direction called?

A

Coherence

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13
Q

The minimum distance dots must move in a given direction to elicit the perception of motion is called _____________

A

Minimum displacement threshold

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14
Q

The maximum distance the dots can move and still elicit motion perception is called what?

A

Maximum displacement threshold

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15
Q

Random dot kinematograms is _______________ than stroboscopic and sine-wave stimuli

A

More complicated

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16
Q

Humans can normally detect correlated motion with only _______% of the dots moving in the same direction

A

0.01

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17
Q

What is the aperture problem?

A

The fact that when a moving object is viewed through a small window, the direction of motion may be ambiguous

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18
Q

When the visual system does not have global motion cues, what happens?

A

The visual system finds the simplest explanation for the local motion

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19
Q

What is the waterfall illusion?

A

Fatigue of certain motion sensitive neurons leads to motion after-effects (also called motion-after effect)

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20
Q

When you are viewing a stationary scene, the various neurons responses ________ each other out, so that what occurs with motion?

A

Cancel
So no motion is perceived

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21
Q

After you watch motion for long enough, the neurons will become __________

A

Fatigued

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22
Q

What is interocular transfer?

A

the transfer of an effect from one eye to the other

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23
Q

The left hemisphere of the brain seems to __________ sensory information that conflicts with its idea of what the world should be like

A

Suppress

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24
Q

How does the right hemisphere of the brain see the world?

A

As it really is

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25
Two orders of motion perception
First-order Second order
26
First-order motion perception is ____________-defined
Luminance
27
Second Order motion perception is _____________-defined
Contrast
28
Two types of first order motion perception
Local and Global
29
Motion perception for stimuli such as texture-defined contours is called ______________ motion stimuli
Second-order
30
Where does second-order motion occur in the real world?
When an object is camouflaged
31
What is double dissociation with 1st and 2nd order motion information
The phenomenon in which one of two functions, 1st or 2nd order motion, can be damaged without harm to the other, and vice versa
32
What pathway processes high velocity information processing
Magno pathway
33
Magno pathway is __________ processing
Motion
34
Magno is the ________ system
Where
35
Magno pathway is ____________ perception
Motion
36
What pathway processes low velocity information processing
Parvo pathway
37
Parvo pathway is ___________ processing
Object
38
Parvo pathway is the ________ system
What
39
Ventral pathway
The "what" pathway. Pathway of visual processing.
40
Parvo pathway involves __________ perception
Object (face)
41
Impairment to the Parvo pathway causes what issue?
Inability to recognize objects/face
42
What is akinetopsia?
A Neuro disorder in which the affected individual has no perception of motion
43
Akinetopsia is also called ___________________
Motion blindness
44
Akinetopsia is caused by the disruption to area ___________
V5/MT
45
Biological motion helps identify both ?
Moving object and its actions
46
Is biological motion processed differently than other forms of motion?
It may be? Seems to be evidence
47
What area of the brain is activated when viewing biological motion?
Posterior superior temporal sulcus
48
Isoluminant
possessing the same luminance
49
Under certain isoluminant conditions, the perception of motion is ___________
Impaired
50
Adding luminance contrast ___________ the perception of motion
Improves
51
Color is a _________ stimuli for Magno pathway
Poor
52
Shows what color opponency in the magno pathway?
Poor (black-white opponency)
53
Color is a __________ stimuli for parvo pathway
good (red-green opponency)
54
As stimulus velocity increases, resolution acuity remains relatively constant until the stimulus velocity reaches ______ to _______ degrees/second
60 to 80
55
Beyond the stimulus velocity of 60 to 80 degrees/second, dynamic visual acuity _____________
Deteriorates
56
Reduction in dynamic visual acuity as target velocity increases is due to the inability to ???
Accurately follow the stimulus with tracking eye movements (smooth pursuit eye movements)
57
Higher dynamic visual acuity is associated with improved ability to detect what?
Hazardous situations while driving
58
Ballistic eye movement is referred to as a ___________ eye movement
Saccadic
59
When is vision suppressed with saccadic eye movements? What is this phenomenon referred to?
Before, during, after Saccadic oppression and saccadic omission
60
Saccadic suppression enables us to look from one object to another without doing what?
Smearing our vision
61
Because the magno pathway is sensitive to high-velocity movement like with Saccades, it is ____________ to avoid ______________
Suppressed to avoid smearing of vision
62
A primary contributor to saccadic suppression is an _________________
Extra-retinal signal
63
To distinguish between retinal motion caused by eye movements and retinal motion caused by object movements, the brain does what?
Sends a special signal to the visual system every time it executes an eye movement
64
Fill out distinguishing eye from object movements table on slide 58
65
If there is neither retinal movement nor eye movement, the object is _________
stationary
66
If the visual system detects retinal movement but also receives a signal from the motor system telling it that the eyes are moving, the retinal movement is probably caused by _________________, so the object must be ___________
Eye movement Object must be stationary
67
If there is retinal movement but no eye movement, the object is __________
Moving
68
If there is no retinal movement but the motor system is still claiming that the eyes are moving, then we must be doing what?
Tracking the moving object with a smooth pursuit movement
69
Eye movements that occur when we rotate our eyes inward or outwards to focus on a near or far object
Vergence
70
The rotation of both eyes toward the midline is ____________
Convergence
71
The rotation of both eyes outward the midline is ________________
Divergence
72
What is a type of eye movement in which the eyes rapidly change fixation from one object or location to another
Saccade
73
Saccades vary in magnitude from ______ to _______
1 deg to 20 deg.
74
Saccades occur in both eyes ________________
Simultaneously
75
During a saccadic eye movement, when the retinal image is sweeping rapidly across the retina, vision is automatically ______________
Suppressed
76
What are involuntary, small, jerk-like eye movements?
Microsaccades
77
A movement of the eye that is automatic and involuntary
Reflective eye movement
78
A reflective eye movement in which the eyes will involuntarily track a continually moving object
Optokinetic nystagmus
79
When is motion perception developed?
At birth it is evident
80
Sensitivity to global motion doesn't reach maturity until
3-4 years of age
Block 09
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