mono: extrastriate cortex

Question 1

The Extrastriate cortex is constituted of at least _________ visual areas

Answer 1

20 distinct

Question 2

Visual information flows along two distinct but not independent processing streams, what are they?

Answer 2

Ventral processing stream and dorsal processing stream

Question 3

Ventral processing stream is also known as the __________ or _____________ stream

Answer 3

Temporal or “what”

Question 4

Ventral processing stream is critical for doing what?

Answer 4

Identifying and recognizing objecs

Question 5

Dorsal processing stream is also known as the __________ or _____________ stream

Answer 5

Parietal or “where”

Question 6

Dorsal processing stream is critical for what?

Answer 6

Motion perception, localization in visual space and action organization

Question 7

The Parvo pathway has strong input into the ___________ processing stream

Answer 7

Ventral

Question 8

The magno pathway has strong input into the ____________ processing stream

Answer 8

Dorsal

Question 9

Does both the parvo and magno retinogeniculate pathways provide input to both processing streams??

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

The dorsal stream contains two components, what are they?

Answer 10

Dorsal-dorsal stream and ventral-dorsal stream

Question 11

Dorsal-dorsal stream processes ________ info

Answer 11

Action

Question 12

Damage to the dorsal-dorsal stream may result in what?

Answer 12

Optic ataxia which is the inability to point to or reach for an object

Question 13

Ventral dorsal stream includes what areas?

Answer 13

MT/V5

Question 14

Ventral dorsal stream processes what info?

Answer 14

Space perception and action organization

Question 15

Area V4 contains an abundance of cells with _____________ sensitivities

Answer 15

Chromatic

Question 16

inferotemporal cortex (IT) responds to what complex forms?

Answer 16

Faces which indicates a role in form perception

Question 17

Area MT/V5 responds to _________

Answer 17

Motion

Question 18

If a human is asked to look at green objects, what areas may show elevated activity?

Answer 18

Areas in the ventral stream may

Question 19

If a human is asked to attend to the shape of the green objects, what areas may show elevated activity?

Answer 19

Areas in ventral stream

Question 20

If a human is asked to attend to the movements of the objects, what areas may show elevated activity?

Answer 20

Dorsal stream

Question 21

Motion and position information of a red car moving along a highway is processed by the _______________

Answer 21

Dorsal stream

Question 22

Color and form information of a red car moving along a highway is processed by the _____________

Answer 22

Ventral stream

Question 23

Integration of motion/position and color/form information is thought to be coordinated by the ________________

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex

Question 24

Striate cortex contains direction selective neurons that tend to respond strongly to what?

Answer 24

Movement of individual grating components

Question 25

Cells in area MT/V5 respond best to the movement of the plaid grating as a ___________

Answer 25

Whole

Question 26

MT/V5 contains cells that encode ____________ rather than ______________

Answer 26

What we perceive rather than the individual grating components

Question 27

PET and fMRI studies have shown that human MT/V5 is more active when viewing a ___________ object than when viewing a ____________ object

Answer 27

Moving, stationary

Question 28

Is MT/V5 active while a subject experiences a motion aftereffect (MAE), a motion illusion that that occurs after motion stops?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Motion detectors mediating motion-aftereffect are located where? Why is this significant?

Answer 29

Located in the cortex which is the first site of substantial interaction between the two eyes

Question 30

If you only viewed the waterfall causing the MAE through your right eye, would you see the motion aftereffect in your left eye?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Cells in IT cortex respond best to ???

Answer 31

Sophisticated shapes. circles, squares and ovals

Question 32

The area of monkey cortex called IT is equivalent to the ____________________ in humans

Answer 32

Lateral occipital cortex

Question 33

The Lateral occipital cortex responds well to __________ but not to ______________

Answer 33

Objects but not to scrambled or fragmented objects

Question 34

fusiform face area (FFA) responds well to _________ but not to other ____________

Answer 34

Faces but not to other objects

Question 35

The parahippocampal place area is strongly activated by ___________ and __________ but not by _____________

Answer 35

Objects and places but not by Faces

Question 36

Being able to sit in a bustling coffee shop and focus on reading a book is an example of what attention? Why?

Answer 36

Top-down/endogenous attention, because the observer is deciding what to focus on

Question 37

Bottom-up/exogenous attention is caused by an ___________ stimulus

Answer 37

External

Question 38

Is bottom-up attention purely automatic or can it be controlled?

Answer 38

Automatic

Question 39

What processing occurs when we direct our spotlight of attention on each object of interest?

Answer 39

Serial processing

Question 40

Now, suppose the barista tells you that a table that's bright yellow in color is vacant. Your search for an empty table would be much faster—the empty yellow table would pop out and be quickly spotted.In this case, _________________ processing facilitates detection of the salient feature

Answer 40

Preattentive

Question 41

The phenomenon in which we cannot readily see the differences between two images is referred to as ________________

Answer 41

Change blindness

Question 42

When testing change blindness, if two images were presented in rapid sequence, this may trigger our ______________ attention

Answer 42

Exogenous

Question 43

Lesions in the striate cortex produce ________________

Answer 43

Simple blind spots (scotomas)

Question 44

Lesions in the Extrastriate cortex can lead to what?

Answer 44

Inability to recognize objects called visual agnosia

Question 45

Fill out visual agnosias table on slide 55

Question 46

Akinetopsia

Answer 46

Defect in perception of motion

Question 47

Akinetopsia damage is confined to what area?

Answer 47

Drosal processing stream - Area V5

Question 48

Those that suffer from Akinetopsia claim their vision to appear as "____________"

Answer 48

Stop-motion

Question 49

Prosopagnosia

Answer 49

Deficiency in recognition of afces

Question 50

Prosopagnosia is due to a lesion the _________________________

Answer 50

Fusiform face area (FFA)

Question 51

Those with cerebral achromatopsia have a normal complement of cones but are unable to distinguish hues secondary to an _______________ lesion

Answer 51

Extrastriate (Area V4)

Question 52

Cortical areas that process _________ and _________ are in close proximity to each other

Answer 52

Faces (FFA) and Color (V4)

Question 53

Patients who suffer from prosopagnosia may manifest __________________________

Answer 53

Cerebral achromatopsia

Question 54

With visual neglect, patients do what?

Answer 54

Ignore one half of visual world

Question 55

Visual neglect can be due to lesions where?

Answer 55

Parietal lobe or superior temporal lobe

Question 56

What is the inability to perceive more than one object at a rime?

Answer 56

Sumultagnosia

Question 57

Balint's syndrome is a condition in where there is bilateral damage to the ????

Answer 57

Parietal lobes

Question 58

___________ and ___________ may be present in Balint's syndrome

Answer 58

Simultagnosia and optic ataxia

Question 59

What is a condition where cortical areas appear to be abnormally linked to each other such that stimulation of one sense results in the activation of another? (Ex: presentation of a letter or number results in perception of color)

Answer 59

Synesthesia

Question 60

Patients with visual loss may experience hallucinations that they know are not real, what syndrome is this?

Answer 60

Charles Bonnet syndrome

Question 61

The hippocampus plays a major role in:

Answer 61

memory

Question 62

Neurons with highly specialized receptive fields may play a key role in ______________________

Answer 62

Encoding memories

Question 63

What are the two main processing streams that are integrated together?

Answer 63

Ventral processing stream and dorsal processing stream

Question 64

Dorsal processing stream

Question 65

Ventral processing stream includes areas:

Answer 65

IT (LOC in humans) and V4

Question 66

Ventral processing stream plays an important role in ____________ recognition

Answer 66

Object

Question 67

Dorsal processing stream includes areas:

Answer 67

MT/V5

Question 68

Dorsal processing stream is important for ___________ and ____________

Answer 68

Motion analysis and spatial localization