Block 10 > mono: parallel processing > Flashcards

mono: parallel processing Flashcards

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1
Q

The LGN is divided into _________ regions

A

Three

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2
Q

_________, __________ and ________ cells can be considered components of parallel retinocortical visual pathways

A

Parvo, magno, and konio cells

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3
Q

2 most ventral layers of the LGN contain what cells?

A

Magno cells

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4
Q

Parasol ganglion cells are AKA __________

A

Retinal magno cells

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5
Q

Midget ganglion cells are AKA ____________

A

Retinal parvo cells

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6
Q

What cells are contained within the 4 most dorsal layers of the LGN?

A

Parvo cells

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7
Q

Where are Konio cells contained within the LGN?

A

Interlaminar regions between principal layers

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8
Q

What cells are the smallest of the 3 LGN cell types?

A

Konio

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9
Q

Layers ____, ______ and ______ receive input from the contralateral side of visual pathway

A

1, 4 and 6

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10
Q

The right LGN layers 1, 4, and 6 receive input from the ______ eye

A

Left

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11
Q

Layers _____, ______ and ______ receive input from the Ipsilateral side

A

2, 3, and 5

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12
Q

The right LGN layers 2, 3, and 5 receive input from the ______ eye

A

Right

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13
Q

Parvo cells have _________ sensitivity to red-green color contrast

A

Good

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14
Q

Parvo cells show _________ sensitivity to fast movement

A

Poor

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15
Q

Magno cells have __________ sensitivity to color contrast

A

Poor

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16
Q

Magno cells show ____________ sensitivity to fast movement

A

Good

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17
Q

Konio cells have good sensitivity to ______ - _________ color contrast

A

Blue-yellow

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18
Q

______ and _______ cells are characterized by color opponency

A

Parvo and Konio

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19
Q

What does color opponency mean?

A

The cells are excited by certain wavelengths and inhibited by others

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20
Q

Parvo cells receive input from midget ganglion cells, which carry ______________ color information from midget bipolar cells

A

Red-green

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21
Q

Parvo cells are excited by __________ wavelengths and inhibited by __________ wavelengths

A

Longer

Shorter wavelengths

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22
Q

The cell would be maximally excited by a ___________ wavelength stimulus that fills its receptive field center and which is surrounded by a _________ annulus

A

Longer

Dark

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23
Q

Konio cells receive input from _________________ ganglion cells

A

Small bistratified

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24
Q

Konio cells are excited by __________ wavelengths and inhibited by __________ wavelengths

A

Shorter

Longer

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25
A Konio cell would be maximally excited by what stimulus?
Short-wavelength stimulus that fills its receptive field center and which is surrounded by a dark annulus
26
Magno cells receive input from _____________ ganglion cells
Parasol
27
What color opponency do Magno cells show?
Weak or no color opponency
28
How do magno cells contribute to wavelength-based discrimination?
Not capable of contributing
29
How do magno cells respond to contrast?
Respond well
30
Magno cells can be excited by what light in its center and surround?
Bright light falling on its center and a dark annulus falling on the surround
31
Parvo cells manifest a _________ response when presented with a long-duration stimulus
Sustained
32
Parvo cells respond how long while a stimulus is present?
The entire time a stimulus is present
33
Magno cells respond to stimuli in a ___________ manner
Transient
34
Magno cells show a brief burst of activity when?
At stimulus onset and offset
35
Transient response properties give Magno cells the capability to resolve _________________ frequency stimuli
High temporal
36
Sustained response properties make parvo cells better suited for resolving _____________ frequency stimuli
Low ## Footnote Because the response lasts for a long period of time
37
Parvo cells have similar properties to ______________ ganglion cells
Retinal Midget
38
Magno cells have similar properties to ___________ ganglion cells
Retinal parasol
39
Smaller receptive field centers of parvo cells provide them with _______ spatial frequency stimuli than Magno cells
Higher
40
Do Parvo, magno or Konio cells show the shortest latency (transmits signals faster)
Magno cells
41
Why do magno cells transmit signals faster?
Magno cells have a larger diameter than parvo cells and larger diameter axons transmit action potentials faster than smaller diameter axons of the parvo and Konio cells
42
Review Parvo and Magno table on slide 27
43
FMRI studies have been performed to determine what?
The areas of the LGN that are activated when certain visual stimuli are presented
44
In the Magnocellular layers of the LGN, the fMRI response to the M stimulus was ________________ than to the P stimulus
Significantly stronger
45
In the Parvocellular layers of the LGN, the fMRI response showed a _____________ response to the P stimulus
Significantly stronger
46
Compared to the P layers, the M layers had stronger responses to _______ and __________ spatial frequency but weaker responses to _______ spatial frequency
Low and medium ## Footnote High
47
Compared to the P layers, the M layers showed stronger fMRI responses to ________ temporal frequencies but weaker responses to ________ temporal frequencies
High ## Footnote Low
48
The P layers had weaker responses than M layers with the ________ contrast stimuli but had stronger responses as contrast ____________
Low ## Footnote Increased
49
A lesion in the Parvocellular region results in what?
Reduced wavelength discrimination ## Footnote Reduced high spatial frequency contrast sensitivity
50
A lesion in the Magnocellular region results in what?
Decrease in high temporal frequency flicker resolution ## Footnote Decrease in low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity
51
The parvo pathway is key to what two things?
Color discrimination ## Footnote Visual Acuity
52
The magno pathway is key to what two things?
Encoding fast movement ## Footnote Low spatial frequencies
53
Why may isoluminant gratings isolate the parvo system in humans?
Because the bars are only visible due to chromatic contrast, and the Parvo system is responsible for helping us detect different wavelengths
54
In order for the Magno pathway to perceive a difference in the isoluminant bar gratings, what must happen and why?
The different colored bars would need to be altered to have different luminance because magno cells show weak or no color opponency
55
Does either retinogeniculate pathway (parvo or magno) communicate exclusively with a particular cortical processing stream?
No, but may be the predominant input into one of the streams
56
The Magno pathway shows greater sensitivity to what 3 things?
High temporal frequencies ## Footnote Lower spatial frequencies ## Footnote Achromatic targets
57
The Parvo pathway shows greater sensitivity to what 3 things?
Higher spatial frequencies ## Footnote Lower temporal frequencies ## Footnote Chromatic stimuli
58
What newer technology may help us detect glaucoma earlier?
Frequency doubling
59
Primary open angle glaucoma patient autopsies have shown that axons of ____________ ganglion cells may be damaged earlier than those of ___________ ganglion cells
Larger ## Footnote Smaller
60
The findings that POAG causes axons of larger ganglion cells to be damaged first, leads to what idea?
That the magno pathway is more vulnerable to glaucomatous damage than the Parvo pathway
61
How is the perception of frequency doubling in POAG?
It is impaired
62
Some studies have demonstrated that patients with developmental dyslexia manifest deficits in the processing of _____________ information
Temporal
63
Some researchers think that developmental dyslexia may be due to a defect in the pathway processing _________________ information
High-temporal frequency ## Footnote Magno pathway
64
Visual processing impairments in schizophrenia have been attributed to preferential dysfunction within the _________________ visual pathway
Magnocellular
65
Schizophrenia patients have elevated contrast sensitivity thresholds particularly to ____________ stimuli as well as impaired sensitivity to ___________ acuity and ____________
Low spatial frequency ## Footnote Vernier acuity and motion
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