Muscles & Bones

Question 1

Which of the following are functions of the muscular system?

Answer 1

• assisting the movement of blood through the veins
• joint stabilization
• maintenance of posture
• body movement
• thermogenesis

Functions of the muscular system include various roles in body mechanics and thermoregulation.

Question 2

Which of the following features can be found in both cortical (AKA compact bone) and spongy bone?

Answer 2

• canaliculi
• lamellae

Osteons and trabeculae are specific to their respective types of bone structure.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the common properties associated with all muscles?

Answer 3

convertibility

The common properties of muscles include electrical excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility.

Question 4

What name is given to the process of blood cell production that occurs within certain bones?

Answer 4

hemopoiesis

Hemopoiesis is crucial for maintaining blood cell levels in the body.

Question 5

How many named bones make up the human skeleton?

Answer 5

206

The human skeleton comprises a total of 206 bones.

Question 6

Which of the following functions of the skeletal system provide a non-structural role?

Answer 6

• blood cell production
• storage of minerals

The skeletal system’s primary functions include support, protection, and movement.

Question 7

Which one of the following ions is released into the cytosol of muscle fibers in response to an action potential and plays a key role in skeletal muscle contraction?

Answer 7

calcium

Calcium ions are critical for muscle contraction processes.

Question 8

Which group of bones do the ribs belong to?

Answer 8

axial skeleton

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.

Question 9

Red bone marrow is a connective tissue found within the medullary cavity of some bones.

Answer 9

True

Red bone marrow is essential for producing blood cells.

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by somatic motor neurons where they synapse with skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 10

acetylcholine

Acetylcholine is key for muscle contraction signaling.

Question 11

Which one of the following joints in the body allows the widest range of movement?

Answer 11

shoulder

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint allowing extensive movement.

Question 12

In order to regulate the levels of calcium in the blood, which one of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 12

calcitonin

Calcitonin helps lower blood calcium levels by reducing osteoclastic activity.

Question 13

Besides the production of red blood cells, red bone marrow also produces which of the following substances?

Answer 13

• white blood cells
• platelets

Red bone marrow is also involved in the production of immune cells and clotting factors.

Question 14

Which group of bones do the shoulder girdle and pelvis belong to?

Answer 14

appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton includes limbs and their girdles.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Answer 15

a somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Motor units are essential for muscle contraction coordination.

Question 16

In addition to skeletal muscle, what are two other types of muscle in the body?

Answer 16

• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle

Cardiac and smooth muscles have distinct functions and characteristics compared to skeletal muscle.

Question 17

Yellow bone marrow is principally responsible for storing which one of the following substances?

Answer 17

triglycerides

Yellow bone marrow serves as a fat storage site in the body.

Question 18

Which one of the following cell types is responsible for the initiation of the calcification process in bone?

Answer 18

osteoblast

Osteoblasts are crucial for bone formation and mineralization.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describe slow twitch muscle fibers? Choose more than one.

Answer 19

• They generate ATP via aerobic respiration.
• They contain high levels of myoglobin.

Slow twitch fibers are designed for endurance activities.

Question 20

Which two of the following are contractile proteins present in skeletal muscle?

Answer 20

• myosin
• actin

Myosin and actin are fundamental for muscle contraction processes.