Nelson - Ch. 379 The Common Cold Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nelson - Ch. 379 The Common Cold Deck (36)
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1
Q

MC pathogens associated with common cold

A

Rhinoviruses

2
Q

Less common causes of common cold

A

1) RSV 2) Human metapneumovirus 3) Parainfluenza 4) Adenovirus

3
Q

Young children have an average of ___ colds per year

A

6-8

4
Q

T/F The incidence of common colds decreases with age

A

True

5
Q

Viruses that cause common colds are spread by these 3 mechanisms

A

1) Direct hand contact 2) Inhalation of small particle aerosols 3) Deposition of large particle aerosols that land on conjunctiva after sneezing

6
Q

Efficient mech of transmission for rsv and rhinovirus

A

Direct contact

7
Q

Efficient spread of transmission of influenza and coronavirus

A

Small particle aerosols

8
Q

Why is the immunity from common cold viruses short-lived

A

1) Mucosal Ig induced by previous infection is short-lived 2) Brief incubation period allows establishment of infection before immune memory responses

9
Q

T/F In common colds, severity of illness is moderated by preexisting immunity

A

T

10
Q

Viral shedding of most respiratory viruses peaks ___ days after inoculation often coinciding wih symptom onset

A

3-5 days

11
Q

Aspect of common colds that predisposes to bacterial sinusitis or otitis media

A

Obstruction of sinus ostia or eustachian tube from inflammation

12
Q

Responsible for most common cold symptoms rather than direct damage to the respiratory tract

A

Host immune system

13
Q

Symptoms of the common cold vary by age and virus. In infants, ___ and ___ predominate. ___ is uncommon in children and adults.

A

Fever and nasal discharge; fever

14
Q

The usual cold persists for approx ___, although 10% lasts for 2 weeks

A

1 week

15
Q

T/F Nasal eosinophils is characteristic of allergic rhinitis

A

T

16
Q

T/F Nasal neutrophils is characteristic of bacterial superinfection

A

F

17
Q

Reduces frequency of influenza-associated otitis media

A

Oseltamivir

18
Q

Viruses most efficiently transmitted via direct contact

A

1) Rhinoviruses 2) RSV

19
Q

Viruses most efficiently transmitted via small-particle aerosols

A

1) Influenza viruses 2) Coronaviruses

20
Q

The effect of the antihistamines on rhinorrhea appears to be related to the ___ properties of these drugs

A

Anticholinergic

21
Q

First symptom of common cold

A

Sore or scratchy throat

22
Q

Fever, headache or facial pain, or periorbital edema or persistence of rhinorrhea or cough >14 days

A

Sinusitis

23
Q

Persistent rhinorrhea with onset in the 1st 3 months of life

A

Congenital syphilis

24
Q

The most important task of the physician caring for a patient with a cold is to

A

Exclude other conditions that are potentially more serious or treatable

25
Q

A nasal smear for eosinophils may be useful if ___ is suspected

A

Allergic rhinitis

26
Q

T/F A predominance of PMNs in the nasal secretions is characteristic of bacterial superinfection

A

F, uncomplicated colds

27
Q

T/F Ribavirin, which is approved for treatment of severe RSV infections, has no role in the treatment of the common cold

A

T

28
Q

___ reduces the duration but not the severity of symptoms of a common cold if begun within 24 hr of symptoms.

A

Zinc

29
Q

Rebound effect from discontinuation of topical adrenergic agents used for a prolonged period for rhinitis

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa

30
Q

Major adverse effects associated with the use of antihistamines

A

1) Sedation 2) Paradoxical hyperactivity

31
Q

Topical anticholinergic agent that produces an effect comparable to antihistamines but is not associated with sedation

A

Ipratropium bromide

32
Q

___ has a modest effect on relieving nocturnal cough and unlikely to be harmful in children older than 1 yr of age

A

Honey

33
Q

Honey should be avoided in children younger than 1 yr of age because

A

Risk of botulism

34
Q

T/F Vitamin C, guaifenesin, and inhalation of warm, humidified air are no more effective than placebo for the treatment of cold symptoms

A

T

35
Q

T/F There is no evidence that the common cold or persistent acute purulent rhinitis of less than 10 days in duration benefits from antibiotics.

A

T

36
Q

MC complication of a cold

A

Acute otitis media