DPT1, GROSS ANATOMY MIDTERM > Nerves- Cervical + Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Nerves- Cervical + Brachial Plexus Flashcards

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1
Q

central nervous system

A

spinal cord

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

spinal nerves

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3
Q

spinal cord is made up of

A

gray + white matter

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4
Q

gray matter

A

-on inside of spinal cord in cross section
-looks like a butterfly

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5
Q

white matter

A

outside gray matter in cross section

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6
Q

what makes up the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

-anterior horn
-lateral horn
-posterior horn

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7
Q

posterior horn- type of information

A

afferent sensory information
-aka brings sensory information from periphery to spinal cord

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8
Q

anterior horn- type of information

A

efferent motor
-aka brings motor control out to muscle

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9
Q

what forms the anterior + posterior roots

A

anterior + posterior rootlets

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10
Q

how to identify posterior spinal cord

A

has posterior spinal ganglion (bulge/cluster of nerves together) leaving the posterior horn

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11
Q

posterior spinal ganglion

A

bulge/cluster of nerves leaving the posterior horn

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12
Q

sympathetic chain ganglion

A

peripheral nerve leading to middle of spinal cord gray matter
-has components of autonomic nervous system
-controls functions out of control (ex: speed of digestion)

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13
Q

spinal nerves contain what types of fibers

A

-motor
-sensory
-visceral (autonomic)

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14
Q

what do spinal nerves divide into

A

anterior + posterior rami

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15
Q

nerves exiting spinal cord travel in ____

A

pairs- have L/R components

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16
Q

cervical spine nerves

A

C1-C8
-8 pairs
-exit ABOVE reference vertebra
-only exception is C8, which is below C7 and above T1

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17
Q

cervical nerves exist above/below reference vertebra

A

above

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18
Q

thoracic spine nerves

A

T1-T12
-12 pairs
-exit BELOW reference vertebra

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19
Q

thoracic nerves exit above/below reference vertebra

A

below

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20
Q

lumbar spine nerves

A

L1-L5
-5 pairs
-exit BELOW reference vertebra

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21
Q

lumbar nerves exit above/below reference vertebra

A

below

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22
Q

sacral spine nerves

A

S1-S5
-5 pairs
-exit from sacral foramina

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23
Q

where do sacral nerves exit

A

from sacral foramina

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24
Q

coccygeal nerves

A

1 pair
-exit from the coccyx

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25
where do coccygeal nerves exit
from the coccyx
26
dermatome
-cutaneous area whose sensory innervaation is derived from a single spinal nerve (i.e., posterior root) -segmental organization of the spinal cord + associated nerves -used for differential diagnosis as part of a thorough neurological exam- NOT black or white, differs person to person
27
myotomes
-a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve (i.e., anterior root) -muscles that receive innervation from more than 1 spinal nerve root comprise multiple myotomes -used for differential diagnosis as part of a thorough neurological exam
28
dermatome + myotome disclaimer
-there is anatomic variation -dermatome + myotomes diagrams should be regarded as an AID to clinical diagnosis, not an accurate map
29
cervical plexus
C1-C4
30
brachial plexus
C5-T1
31
thoracic nerves
T1-T12
32
lumbar plexus
L1-L5
33
sacral plexus
S1-S5
34
6 nerves of cervical plexus
-lesser occipital nerve -greater auricular nerve -transverse cervical nerve -supraclavicular nerve -phrenic nerve -ansa cervicalis
35
what is the only nerve from cervical plexus that we will find in cadaver lab
phrenic nerve
36
where is the phrenic nerve found
on top of anterior scalene
37
cervical plexus motor nerves
-C1 (suboccipital muscles, back of head) -C1-3 ansa cervicalis (infrahyoid muscles) -C3-5 phrenic nerve (diaphragm)
38
# cervical plexus- root controlling suboccipital muscles
C1
39
# cervical plexus- ansa cervicalis root
C1-3
40
# cervical plexus- phrenic nerve root
C3-5
41
# cervical plexus- what does ansa cervicalis control
infrahyoid muscles
42
# cervical plexus- what does phrenic nerve control
diaphragm
43
cervical plexus sensory nerves
-greater occipital (C2) -lesser occipital (C2) -greater auricular (C2-3) -transverse cervical (C2-3) -supraclavicular (C3-4)
44
# cervical plexus- greater occipital nerve root
C2
45
# cervical plexus- lesser occipital nerve root
C2
46
# cervical plexus- greater auricular nerve root
C2-3
47
# cervical plexus- transverse cervical nerve root
C2-3
48
# cervical plexus- supraclavicular nerve root
C3-4
49
axillary sheath contains
-brachial plexus -axillary artery -axillary vein
50
where is the supraclavicular nerve located
on top of clavicle
51
what parts of brachial plexus will you be able to see in cadaver lab
cords + terminals -won't be able to see trunks or divisions
52
# brachial plexus- number of peripheral nerves at root/trunk level
4
53
# brachial plexus- number of peripheral nerves at division level
0
54
# brachial plexus- number of peripheral nerves at cord level
7
55
# brachial plexus- number of peripheral nerves at terminal nerve level
5
56
how many total nerves in brachial plexus
16
57
# brachial plexus- nerves at root/trunk level (4)
-dorsal scapular -suprascapular -nerve to subclavius -long thoracic nerve
58
# brachial plexus- root of dorsal scapular nerve
C5
59
# brachial plexus- root of suprascapular nerve
C5-6
60
# brachial plexus- root of nerve to subclavius
C5-6
61
# brachial plexus- root of long thoracic nerve
C5-7
62
# brachial plexus- nerves in lateral cord (1)
lateral pectoral nerve
63
# brachial plexus- root of lateral pectoral nerve
C5-7
64
# brachial plexus- nerves in posterior cord (3)
-upper subscapular nerve -thoracodorsal nerve -lower subscapular nerve
65
# brachial plexus- what is thoracodorsal nerve also called
"middle subscapular nerve"
66
# brachial plexus- root of upper subscapular nerve
C5-6
67
# brachial plexus- root of thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) nerve
C6-8
68
# brachial plexus- root of lower subscapular nerve
C5-6
69
# brachial plexus- nerves of medial cord (3)
-medial pectoral nerve -medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve -medial brachial cutaneous nerve
70
# brachial plexus- root of medial pectoral nerve
C8-T1
71
# brachial plexus- root of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
C8-T1
72
# brachial plexus- root of medial brachial cutaneous nerve
C8-T1
73
# brachial plexus- terminal nerves (5)
-musculocutaneous nerve -median nerve -ulnar nerve -radial nerve -axillary nerve
74
# brachial plexus- root of musculocutaneous nerve
C5-7
75
# brachial plexus- root of median nerve
C5-T1
76
# brachial plexus- root of ulnar nerve
C8-T1
77
# brachial plexus- root of radial nerve
C5-T1
78
# brachial plexus- root of axillary nerve
C5-6
79
*what portion of brachial plexus is seen in cadaver lab
infraclavicular
80
dorsal scapular nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major -sensory: none
81
suprascapular nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: supraspinatus + infraspintaus -sensory: acromioclavicular joint + shoulder joint
82
nerve to subclavius nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: subclavius -sensory: none
83
long thoracic nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: serratus anterior -sensory: none
84
lateral pectoral nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: pectoralis major -sensory: none
85
medial pectoral nerve motor + sensory functions
-motor: pectoralis major + pectoralis minor -sensory: none
86
**what are the 5 terminal nerves and which of these nerves form the "M" of the brachial plexus?
-musculocutaneous (top part, + lateral) -median -ulnar (bottom part, + medial) -radial -axillary
87
**what muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) innervate? does it have a sensory component?
-levator scapulae -rhomboid major -rhomboid minor NO sensory component
88
**what nerve innervates the subclavius? sensory?
-nerve to subclavius (C5-6) -no sensory component
89
**what muscles does the suprascapular nerve (C5-6) innervate? does it have a sensory component?
-supraspinatus + infraspinatus -YES, sensory to AC joint + shoulder joint
90
**what nerve innervates the serratus anterior? sensory?
-long thoracic (C5-7) -no sensory component
91
**what nerves innervate the pectoral nerves? sensory?
-lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7) for pec major -medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1) for pec major + pec minor -no sensory component
92
**which nerves in the cervical plexus are motor? what do they innervate?
-C1: suboccipital muscles -ansa cervicalis (C1-3): infrahyoid muscles -phrenic nerve (C3-5): diaphragm
DPT1, GROSS ANATOMY MIDTERM
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