is the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us.
Self-enhancement bias
is the tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue their capabilities, and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light.
Self-effacement bias
is the tendency to overestimate how similar we are to other people.
False consensus error
is a generalization based on group characteristics.
They often create a situation called self-fulfilling prophecy.
Stereotyping
is a belief, prediction, or expectation that, because it is held, leads to actions that confirm the initial belief or prediction
A self-fulfilling prophecy
A person or group forms a belief or prediction about a future outcome.
The belief influences his/her behavior, either consciously or unconsciously, in a way that makes the prediction more likely to occur.
The actions taken then lead to the predicted outcome.
Read
is paying attention to parts of the environment while ignoring other parts.
We see what we want to see.
Selective perception
is the judgment or opinion someone forms about someone upon their initial encounter usually based on superficial cues.
First impression bias
Is the way people interpret things in the outside world.
Perception
It means assigning meaning to our experiences using mental structures.
Interpreting information
Perceptual Process
- Selection
- Organization
- Interpretation
Factors affecting perception
Characteristics of the perceiver
Characteristics of the target
Situation
We pay attention to salient information
Selection
It depends on visual or aural stimulation, needs and interests, and expectations.
Salience
We do this based on proximity, similarity, and difference
Organize information
Characteristics of the perceiver
Knowledge
Experience
Mood
Values and expectations
Characteristics of the target
Values
Physical appearance
Communication
