PROSTHESIS

Question 1

Gait deviations for an AK prosthesis seen during stance phase part, EXCEPT:
a. Lateral trunk bending
b. Uneven step length
c. Foot slap
d. Circumduction

Answer 1

Circumduction

Question 2

To increase the leverage for the gluteus medius muscle, the initial socket adduction is:
a. 5 degrees
c. 7 degrees
b. 6 degrees
d. 8 degrees

Answer 2

7 degrees

Question 3

A patient with a transtibial prosthesis describes right knee buckling in the foot flat (loading response) stance phase of gait. Which of the following conditions in the patient is MOST likely present to cause this problem?
a. Excessive plantar flexion
b. Low shoe heel
c. Excessive foot inset
d. Stiff heel cushion

Answer 3

Stiff heel cushion

Question 4

4. Horizontal section through calcaneus:
   a. Pirogoff
   c. Syme’s
   b. Boyd’s
   d. Lisfranc

Answer 4

Boyd’s

Question 5

A therapist is performing a prosthetic checkout on patient with transfemoral amputation. The prosthesis has been fitted with a quadrilateral socket. A checkout of the walls of the socket should reveal that the:
a. Height of the posterior wall is 2 inches less than all the other walls
b. Anterior & lateral walls are 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior & medial walls
c. Medial wall is 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior wall while the anterior & lateral walls at the same height
d. Posterior & lateral walls are 2 inches higher than the medial & anterior walls

Answer 5

Anterior & lateral walls are 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior & medial walls

Question 6

Exaggerated lordosis of a patient with prosthesis in stance phase may be due to the following, EXCEPT:
a. Hip flexion contracture
b. Weak abdominals
c. Weak hip flexors
d. Insufficient support from anterior wall

Answer 6

Weak hip flexors

note: should be weak hip extensors

Question 7

An 82-year-old patient with a transfemoral amputation is being fitted with a temporary prosthesis containing a SACH prosthetic foot. This prosthetic foot:
a. Allows limited sagittal plane motion with a small amount of mediolateral motion
b. Absorbs energy through a series of bumpers, permitting sagittal plane motion only
c. Is an articulated foot with multiplanar motion
d. Allows full sagittal & frontal plane motion

Answer 7

Allows limited sagittal plane motion with a small amount of mediolateral motion

Question 8

A patient with transfemoral amputation and an above-knee prosthesis demonstrates knee instability while standing. His knee buckles easily when he shifts his weight. The therapist suspects the cause of his problem is a:
a. Prosthetic knee set too far posterior to the TKA line
b. Prosthetic knee set too far anterior to the TKA line
c. Weak gluteus medius
d. Tight extension aid

Answer 8

Prosthetic knee set too far anterior to the TKA line

Question 9

Ankle disarticulation:
a. Syme’s
b. Boyd’s
c. Pirogoff’s
d. AKA

Answer 9

Syme’s

Question 10

A therapist observes a patient status post transfemoral amputation lying in supine with a pillow positioned under the residual limb. This position results in the patient being MOST susceptible to a:
a. Knee extension contracture
b. Knee flexion contracture
c. Hip flexion contracture
d. Hip extension contracture

Answer 10

Hip flexion contracture

Question 11

The cause of vaulting in an AK amputee on prosthesis is:
a. High medial wall
b. Prosthesis too long
c. Knee with insufficiency friction
d. Prosthesis too short

Answer 11

Prosthesis too long

Question 12

At what speed for the average individual as the worth of walking at a minimum?
a. 5 mph
b. 4 mph
c. 3 mph
d. 2 mph

Answer 12

3 mph

Question 13

An 18-year-old male, athletic type, above knee amputee, a short above knee amputation is best fitted with:
a. narrow medial & lateral socket
b. quadrilateral with suction prosthesis
c. disarticulation prosthesis
d. quadrilateral with non-suction socket

Answer 13

quadrilateral with suction prosthesis

Question 14

The energy expenditure of double BK amputee;
a. 65% above normal
c. 10% above normal
b. 75% above normal
d. 41% above normal

Answer 14

41% above normal

Question 15

All are possible cause of uneven length of steps in patients using prosthesis in walking EXCEPT:
a. Insecurity or fear
b. Friction of knee too weak
c. Hip flexion contracture
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Answer 15

None of the above

Question 16

In an AK prosthesis, the majority of the body’s weight is absorbed by which wall of the socket:
a. Anterior
c. Posterior
b. Lateral
d. Medial

Answer 16

Posterior

Question 17

All are factors contributing to prosthesis too long, EXCEPT:
a. Manual knee lock
b. Too small a socket
c. Too loose suspension
d. Foot set in excessive DF

Answer 17

Foot set in excessive DF

Question 18

Metabolic requirements for ambulation of a single BK/AK with prosthesis:
a. 60%
b. 41%
c. 10-40%
d. 75%

Answer 18

75%

Question 19

Redness on the inferior aspect of the patella upon removal of a patellar-tendon-bearing prosthesis indicates that the residual limb:
a. Is not far enough into the prosthesis, & fewer socks should be worn
b. Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn
c. Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & fewer socks should be worn
d. Is not far enough into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn

Answer 19

Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn

Question 20

Rotation of the foot at heel strike may be caused from:
a. Knee bolt alignment improper
b. Not enough resistance of PF bumper
c. Not enough resistance on heel cushion
d. Too much resistance on heel cushion

Answer 20

Too much resistance on heel cushion

Question 21

What is the possible cause of foot slap on a patient using prosthesis for walking:
a. Not enough resistance on heel cushion
b. Insufficient extension aid
c. Not enough resistance on PF bumper
d. Insufficient friction

Answer 21

Not enough resistance on PF bumper

Question 22

When examining a patient with a new AK prosthesis, you notice that the heel on the involved foot moves laterally at toe-off. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this deviation?
a. The prosthesis is too long
b. Excessive IR of the prosthetic knee
c. The prosthesis is too short
d. Excessive ER of the prosthetic knee

Answer 22

Excessive IR of the prosthetic knee

Question 23

A circumducted gait pattern in an above-knee amputee is most likely caused by:
a. short prosthesis
b. inadequate socket suspension
c. a suspension belt that is too tight
d. an externally rotated knee joint

Answer 23

inadequate socket suspension

Question 24

Gait deviation in patients with BK prosthesis having a soft heel cushion:
a. Insufficient knee flexion on amputated side
b. Excessive knee flexion on amputated side
c. Excessive lateral thrust
d. Insufficient lateral thrust

Answer 24

Insufficient knee flexion on amputated side

Question 25

A patient with a transtibial amputation is observed ambulating with excessive knee flexion from heel strike through midstance on the prosthetic side. A possible cause for this deviation is: a. The foot is set in neutral b. The socket is set posterior in relation to the foot c. The prosthesis is too short d. The socket is aligned in excessive flexion

Answer 25

The socket is aligned in excessive flexion

Question 26

During the gait evaluation of a patient who has transfemoral prosthesis, a therapist notices that the patient laterally bends excessively toward the prosthetic side during the midstance phase. Which of the following factors is most likely to cause this gait deviation? a. A prosthetic socket that is too small b. A prosthesis that is too short c. Inadequate prosthesis suspension d. A locked knee joint

Answer 26

A prosthesis that is too short

Question 27

A therapist provides pre-operative instructions to a patient scheduled for LE amputation. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of LE amputation? a. Tumor c. PVD b. Trauma d. Cardiac disease

Answer 27

PVD

Question 28

To maintain a level pelvis & a normal gait while using an AK prosthesis, the muscles of the hip that must be adequately contracted are: a. The adductors c. The flexors b. The extensors d. The abductors

Answer 28

The abductors

Question 29

The most common suspension system with a PT weight bearing socket is which of the following? a. Silesian suspension b. Thigh corset c. Supracondylar cuff d. No suspension system is needed

Answer 29

Supracondylar cuff

Question 30

The time for upper limb prosthetic fitting for successful prosthetic restoration? a. 8-12 months b. 1-3 months c. 2-3 weeks d. 4-6 months

Answer 30

4-6 months

Question 31

You are recommending an adjustment to a patient’s prosthesis in order to increase knee extension. How would you position the foot component in relation to the socket to accomplish this? a. Anterior c. Medial b. Posterior d. Lateral

Answer 31

Anterior

Question 32

You are performing a gait assessment on a patient using a patellar-tendon bearing prosthesis, and you observe insufficient knee flexion in early stance of the involved side. The most likely reason for this is: a. The socket is aligned too far posteriorly b. The socket is aligned too far forward or tilted anteriorly c. The foot component is outset too much d. The foot component is inset too much

Answer 32

The socket is aligned too far posteriorly

Question 33

Prosthesis that is aligned in abduction will cause the following gait deviation? a. Abducted gait b. Wide walking base c. Lateral trunk bending d. A and C e. All of these

Answer 33

All of these

Question 34

Pressure tolerant areas on a BK amputee include all of the following, EXCEPT: a. Popliteal fossa b. Pretibial muscles c. Head of the fibula d. Lateral aspect of tibia e. Tibial and fibular shafts

Answer 34

Head of the fibula

Question 35

The most functional terminal device? a. Voluntary closing b. Voluntary opening c. Myo-electric hand d. Cosmetic hand e. Motor-driven hand

Answer 35

Voluntary opening

Question 36

After gait training a patient with a new below-the-knee prosthesis, a therapist notices redness along the patellar tendon & medial tibial flare. This would indicate: a. The socket is too small & the residual limb is not seated properly b. The socket is too large & pistoning is occurring c. Improper weight distribution during stance d. Pressure tolerant weight-bearing during stance e. Pressure sensitive weight-bearing during stance

Answer 36

Pressure tolerant weight-bearing during stance

Question 37

An above knee prosthesis that is too long may cause the following gait deviation EXCEPT: a. Circumduction b. Vaulting c. Wide-walking base d. Hip hiking e. Exaggerated lordosis

Answer 37

Exaggerated lordosis

Question 38

A midstance deviation: a. Uneven step length b. Medial or lateral thrust of the knee c. Abrupt knee flexion d. Whip e. Delayed knee flexion

Answer 38

Medial or lateral thrust of the knee

Question 39

A type of upper limb prosthetic socket used for very short below-elbow amputation and with limitation of elbow flexion: a. Standard socket b. Single-walled socket c. Munster socket d. Split-socket with step-up hinge e. Three-walled socket

Answer 39

Split-socket with step-up hinge

Question 40

The most commonly used prosthetic foot under non-articulated components: a. Seattle b. SACH c. STEN d. Quantum e. Flex walk

Answer 40

SACH

Question 41

The additional energy expenditures of a wheelchair ambulant person as compared to normal individual is: a. 9% b. 10-19% c. 20-29% d. 2-3%

Answer 41

9%

Question 42

The following are causes of terminal impact with the prosthetic leg at the end of swing phase, EXCEPT: a. absent knee extension bumper b. fear of buckling c. excessive friction at the knee d. tight knee extension aid

Answer 42

excessive friction at the knee note: it should be insufficient knee friction

Question 43

Insufficient heel rise of the prosthetic leg is due to: a. Insufficient friction at the prosthetic knee b. Insufficient flexion or absent knee extension aid c. Too tight an extension aid d. Forceful hip flexion

Answer 43

Too tight an extension aid

Question 44

The ideal stump for BKA is: a. Bulbous c. Conical b. Cylindrical d. None of these

Answer 44

Cylindrical

Question 45

Of the following knee joints, which possesses the most inherent stability? a. polycentric b. manual locking c. double drop lock d. constant friction, single axis

Answer 45

constant friction, single axis

Question 46

The more commonly used type of shank for lower limb prosthesis is: a. Exoskeletal c. Silesian bandage b. Endoskeletal d. PTB socket

Answer 46

Endoskeletal

Question 47

A therapist examines the gait of a patient with a transtibial amputation. The patient exhibits delays and limited knee flexion after heel strike on the prosthetic side. The MOST likely cause of the deviation is: a. Foot positioned in dorsiflexion b. Heel wedge is too soft c. Foot positioned too far posteriorly d. Socket is too large

Answer 47

Heel wedge is too soft

Question 48

An appropriate prosthesis for a hip disarticulation? a. Canadian hip disarticulation prosthesis b. Hungarian hip disarticulation prosthesis c. Norwegian hip disarticulation prosthesis d. Australian hip disarticulation prosthesis

Answer 48

Canadian hip disarticulation prosthesis

Question 49

An example of a non-articulated prosthesis: a. Hip disarticulation prosthesis b. Stubbies prosthesis c. Symes prosthesis d. PTB prosthesis

Answer 49

Stubbies prosthesis

Question 50

The following are causes of lateral trunk bending for an above-knee prosthesis observed just after heel strike to midstance, EXCEPT: a. Long prosthesis b. Short prosthesis c. Abducted socket d. Pain & discomfort on the distal end of the stump

Answer 50

Long prosthesis