psych lab test component

Question 1

self esteem lab:
what is unconscious bias?

Answer 1

measured bu the difference between reaction times (RT) on inconsistent and consistent stereotype conditions of the illicit associations test (ITA)

Question 2

self esteem lab:
what is ITA?

Answer 2

ITA we did in class presented two categories made of one each of gender: male or female, and role/area of study: family/humanities or career/science, on each side of the screen.

The DV, RT, was measures by the speed in categorizing an exemplar word into either category

Question 3

self esteem lab:
first & second conditions

Answer 3

• stereotype constant (‘together constant’; female and family/humanities, male and career/science)
• second stereotype inconsistent (‘together inconsistent’; female and career/science, male and family/humanities)

Question 4

self esteem lab:
objective

Answer 4

In individuals had a bias in the direction of the traditional stereotypes (consistent), then they would have a slower RT for the inconsistent as compared to consistent trials, making their difference score between these two conditions a positive value. The opposite (slower RT for consistent as for inconsistent trials) would indicate a bias in opposition of traditional gender-role stereotypes, resulting in a negative difference score

Question 5

self esteem lab;
correlations (r)

Answer 5

measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, often depicted in scatterplots
- Direction
-Positive
- Negative
- No direction
- Strength
- Always a values between -1 to 1
String relationships have r close to -1 to 1
No relationships is around 0

Question 6

self esteem lab:
3 Steps for Understanding Correlations

Answer 6

1. Look for absence of relationship
2. Determine direction of relationship (positive or negative)
3. Determine strength of relationship

Question 7

What is the difference between an experiment and a correlation study

Answer 7

• experimental design, you manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable. Other variables are controlled so they can’t impact the results.
• In a correlational design, you measure variables without manipulating any of them.

Question 8

self esteem lab:
Reliability & Validity

Answer 8

• Reliability: the extent to which assessments are consistent (‘repeatability’)
• Validity: the extent to which assessments are accurate

Question 9

self esteem lab:
Internal consistency (reliability)

Answer 9

• consistency of results across items on the same test (winton questionnaire)
• Split-half correlations

Question 10

self esteem lab:
Convergent Validity

Answer 10

the degree where scores on a test correlate with scores on other tests which are designed to assess the same construction (between questionnaires)

Question 11

self esteem lab:
Rosenberg

Answer 11

Rosenberg (old test)
- 10 questions
- Established
- Higher score = higher self-esteem

Question 12

self esteem lab:
Sorenson

Answer 12

Sorenson (Newer)
50 questions
Newer
Lower score = higher self-esteem

Question 13

self esteem lab:
Validating a new survey (ideal way)

Answer 13

1. Give surely to everyone in sample and gather all scores
2. Send everyone to 10 hours of therapy with a qualified therapist, having the therapist give you a score
3. Calculate the correlation between the survey & therapist score

Question 14

self esteem lab:
Validating a new survey (other way)

Answer 14

1. Give old survey to everyone, gather scores
2. Give new sure to everyone, gather scores
3. Calculate correlation between scores
   - Correlate two scores together
   - So split-half correlation within new survey
   - Prediction: people who have high self-esteem should score high on the Rosenberg and low on the Sorenson
   -This would look like a strong, negative correlation

Question 15

self esteem lab:
How does csikszentimihalyi’s flow and mallows relate

Answer 15

• mallows hierarchy of needs
  
  • peak experience (self-actualization)
• Csikszentmihalyi’s Flow
  
  • optimal experience

Question 16

self esteem lab:
Maslow - deficit reduction

Answer 16

• Interested in the psychology of personal growth and well-being
• Emphasized choice, creativity, and self-actualization
• Hierchary of needs

Question 17

self esteem lab:
Self-actualization is correlated with?

Answer 17

1. An accurate perception of reality
2. An acceptance elf themselves and others
3. A focus on problem solving instead of the self
4. An appreciation of life
5. An ethical, creative, humorous, and philosophical approach to life
6. A sense of winder, awe, reverence and humility
7. Feeling of surrender to the experience
8. An openness to perceiving mystic (religious or philosophical)

Question 18

self esteem lab:
Flow

Answer 18

the exhilaration felt by an individual who undertakes tasks using complex skills should have clear goals and immediate feedback

Question 19

meditation lab:
Herbert Benson

Answer 19

• A mechanism for controlling breathing countering the “fight or flight” response
• Uses relaxation responses to counter act response

Question 20

meditation lab:
Bensons 8 steps to the relaxation response

Answer 20

1. Chose focus word, phrase, or short prayer for meditation
   
   • We have a focus word because it stops our inner monologue
2. Find a quiet place, sit still and conformably
3. Close your eyes
4. Progressively relax your muscles from your feet to your head
5. Focus your attention on breathing slowly and naturally
6. Assume a passive attitude
7. Continue for 12-15 minutes
8. Practice the technique at least once a day for at least 30 days

Question 21

mediation lab:
what effect does meditation have on attention and memory (IV) (DV)

Answer 21

IV: meditation (pre-test, post-test)
DV: attention (time (seconds) it takes to stop motion illusion), and memory (time (seconds) it takes to solve math questions)