Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult sacrum?

A

5 segments

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2
Q

What is the generic size of the first sacral vertebral body from the base view?

A

transversely broad

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3
Q

Which sacral segment is described as wedge-shaped from a lateral view?

A

the first sacral segment

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4
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in children?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

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5
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

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6
Q

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

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7
Q

What muscles will attach to the sacral mammillary processes?

A

multifidis

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8
Q

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

A

transverse ridges

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9
Q

What part of the sacral ala continues along the ventral surface of sacrum to about S4?

A

the costal element

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10
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

fused spinous processes and they spinous tubercles

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11
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will from what feature?

A

intermediate sacral crest

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12
Q

What muscles may attach to the medial sacral crest?

A

latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis

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13
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

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14
Q

What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?

A

the sacral cornu

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15
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

A

the lateral sacral crest

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16
Q

What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?

A

S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3-S5

17
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

18
Q

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

A

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

19
Q

What muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?

A

iliacus

20
Q

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

auricular surface

21
Q

What classification of joint is formed by the auricular surface of sacrum?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthordia)

22
Q

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

A

the sacral promontory

23
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacroscoccygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

24
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

vertebral body S5, vertebral body Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

25
Q

What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

26
Q

What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

27
Q

What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavor at S5?

A

superfiacial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

28
Q

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

A

The union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

29
Q

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1

A

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

30
Q

What ligament is a homolog of the inter transverse ligament at S5?

A

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

31
Q

What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

sacrospinous ligament

32
Q

Which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

33
Q

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

anterior sacro-iliac ligament

34
Q

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

A

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

35
Q

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

short posterior sacroiliac ligament

36
Q

Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

long posterior sacroiliac ligament

37
Q

What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?

A

sacral cornu

38
Q

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

A

coccygeal cornu

39
Q

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

A

intercornual ligament