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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Typical Lumbars L1-L4 > Flashcards

Typical Lumbars L1-L4 Flashcards

1
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height that posterior height

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2
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

A

Decrease in height, increase circumference

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3
Q

How many joint surfaces are present of the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

six

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4
Q

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

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5
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12, L1

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6
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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7
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

Cervical- upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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8
Q

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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9
Q

What is the highest level know to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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10
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical -upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; rests gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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11
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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12
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

rests cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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13
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligaments?

A

rests displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

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14
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

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15
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

triangular

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16
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?

A

trasverse

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17
Q

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the conus medullar is is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

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18
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

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19
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3; L4 then begins to decrease in length

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20
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

accessory process

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21
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

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22
Q

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

23
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

24
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

longissimus thoraces and intertransversarii

25
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus, and intertranversarii

26
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

A

zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

27
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body and pedicle

28
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

29
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

30
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

mammillary process

31
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammilllay process?

A

multifidis and intertransverarii

32
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

33
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

34
Q

What name is given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

A

joint symmetry

35
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygpophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies i the sagittal plane?

A

joint asymmetry or joint tropism

36
Q

Define or describe joint tropism

A

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane

37
Q

What is the names of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

38
Q

What is Baastrup’s syndrome?

A

elongation of the lumbar spinous process as a result of aging?

39
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocotalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifids, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalsi

40
Q

What is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

anterior height is greater that posterior height by several millimeters; it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-ray view

41
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the fifth lumbar?

A

six

42
Q

What joint classification will be observed at the vertebral body of the fifth lumbar?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

43
Q

What muscles attach to the fifth lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major

44
Q

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

45
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

46
Q

What characteristic of L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific and complete as the differences on a segment from each group?

A

On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region

47
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of the fifth thoracic vertebra?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus, and intertransversarii

48
Q

What ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

lumbosacral, iliolumbar and mammillo-accessory ligaments

49
Q

What is the reported angulation and X-ray appearance of the fifth lumbar articular facets?

A

they lie in the vertical plane and are coronal facets

50
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar super articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

51
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

52
Q

What is the names of the condition in which L5 spinous process increases in length due to aging?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

53
Q

What is Knife Clasp syndrome?

A

The congenital condition in which the L5 spinous process is elongated, the carom exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain

54
Q

What muscles will attach to the fifth lumbar spinous process?

A

latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, multifids, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (21 decks)

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